Sambucus canadensis: Difference between revisions

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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Caprifoliaceae
|familia=Caprifoliaceae
|genus=Sambucus  
|genus=Sambucus
|species=canadensis
|species=canadensis
|common_name=American elder, American elderberry, Sweet elder
|common_name=American elder, American elderberry, Sweet elder
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|max_zone=9
|max_zone=9
|image=Upload.png
|image=Wild-grapes-indiana.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=200
}}
|image_caption=Foliage and fruit
__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
| name = ''LATINNAME''  <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
| color = IndianRed
| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
| image_caption =     <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->
| divisio =  <!--- Phylum -->
| classis =    <!--- Class -->
| ordo =    <!--- Order -->
| familia =    <!--- Family -->
| genus =
| species =
| subspecies =
| cultivar =
}}
}}
'''''Sambucus canadensis''''' ('''American Elderberry''') is a species of [[elderberry]] native to a large area of [[North America]] east of the [[Rocky Mountains]], and south through eastern [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] to [[Panama]]. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry soils, primarily in sunny locations.
==Growth==
It is a [[deciduous]] suckering [[shrub]] growing to 3 m or more tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are arranged in opposite pairs, pinnate with five to nine leaflets, the leaflets around 10&nbsp;cm long and 5&nbsp;cm broad. In summer, it bears large (20-30&nbsp;cm diameter) [[corymb]]s of white [[flower]]s above the foliage, the individual flowers 5-6&nbsp;mm diameter, with five petals.
The [[fruit]] is a dark purple to black [[berry]] 3-5&nbsp;mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in the fall. The berries and flowers are edible, but other parts of the plant are poisonous, containing toxic [[calcium oxalate]] crystals.
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
<!--- ******************************************************* -->
Sambucus canadensis, Linn. American or Sweet Elder. Shrub, to 12 ft., stoloniferous: branches pale yellowish gray, slightly lenticellate: lvs. bright green; lfts. usually 7, short-stalked, elliptic to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes pubescent on the veins beneath, 2-5 in. long: cymes 5-rayed, to 10 in. across: fr. purplish black, usually 4-celled. June, July; fr. in Sept. Nova Scotia and Man. to Fla. and Texas. —The handsomest and most effective of the elders in bloom, also attractive when weighed down with its large clusters of purplish black berries.
Sambucus canadensis, Linn. American or Sweet Elder. Fig. 3543. Shrub, to 12 ft., stoloniferous: branches pale yellowish gray, slightly lenticellate: lvs. bright green; lfts. usually 7, short-stalked, elliptic to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes pubescent on the veins beneath, 2-5 in. long: cymes 5-rayed, to 10 in. across: fr. purplish black, usually 4-celled. June, July; fr. in Sept. Nova Scotia and Man. to Fla. and Texas. B.B. (ed. 2) 3:268. G. 27:541. M.D.G. 1899:169. Var. submollis, Rehd. Lvs. grayish green and soft-pubescent beneath. Ill. to Ark. and Texas. Var. maxima, Hesse. Lvs. larger: cymes to 18 in. across. Very vigorous grower. G.W. 11, p. 397. G.M. 51:451. Var. acutiloba, Ellwanger & Barry (var. laciniata, Cowell). Lvs. much dissected, the lower lfts. pinnatifid, the upper ones incisely serrate and narrowly lanceolate. A very handsome and distinct form. F.S.R. 1. p. 151. Var. aurea, Cowell (var. delicatissima, Schwerin). Lvs. golden yellow: berries cherry-red. F.E. 22:433. Var. chlorocarpa, Rehd. Fr. greenish: lvs. pale yellowish green.—The handsomest and most effective of the elders in bloom, also attractive when weighed down with its large clusters of purplish black berries.
 
Var. submollis, Rehd. Lvs. grayish green and soft-pubescent beneath. Ill. to Ark. and Texas.  
 
Var. maxima, Hesse. Lvs. larger: cymes to 18 in. across. Very vigorous grower.  
 
Var. acutiloba, Ellwanger & Barry (var. laciniata, Cowell). Lvs. much dissected, the lower lfts. pinnatifid, the upper ones incisely serrate and narrowly lanceolate. A very handsome and distinct form.  
 
Var. aurea, Cowell (var. delicatissima, Schwerin). Lvs. golden yellow: berries cherry-red.  
 
Var. chlorocarpa, Rehd. Fr. greenish: lvs. pale yellowish green.
{{SCH}}
{{SCH}}
}}
}}


==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 


===Propagation===
===Propagation===
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 


===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->


==Species==
 
<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
==Varieties==
 


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->


<gallery>
<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Sambucus canadensis W IMG_3144.jpg|Flowers in [[Herbal Garden]]
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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==References==
==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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{{stub}}
{{stub}}
[[Category:Categorize]]
__NOTOC__
 
<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

Latest revision as of 23:36, 10 May 2010

 Sambucus canadensis subsp. var.  American elder, American elderberry, Sweet elder
Foliage and fruit
The query description has an empty condition.: shrub
Height: ⇕ to
Width: ⇔ to
8ft12ft 12ft
Height: ⇕ 8 ft to 12 ft
Width: ⇔ The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition. to 12 ft
The query description has an empty condition.: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈
Poisonous: ☠
Bloom: ❀ early summer, mid summer, late summer
The query description has an empty condition.: ☼ sun
The query description has an empty condition.: ◍
Features: ✓ deciduous, flowers
Hidden fields, interally pass variables to right place
Minimum Temp: ☃ °F
USDA Zones: 3 to 9
Sunset Zones:
Flower features: ❀ white
Caprifoliaceae > Sambucus canadensis var. ,



Sambucus canadensis (American Elderberry) is a species of elderberry native to a large area of North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and south through eastern Mexico and Central America to Panama. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry soils, primarily in sunny locations.

Growth

It is a deciduous suckering shrub growing to 3 m or more tall. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, pinnate with five to nine leaflets, the leaflets around 10 cm long and 5 cm broad. In summer, it bears large (20-30 cm diameter) corymbs of white flowers above the foliage, the individual flowers 5-6 mm diameter, with five petals.

The fruit is a dark purple to black berry 3-5 mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in the fall. The berries and flowers are edible, but other parts of the plant are poisonous, containing toxic calcium oxalate crystals.


Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Sambucus canadensis, Linn. American or Sweet Elder. Shrub, to 12 ft., stoloniferous: branches pale yellowish gray, slightly lenticellate: lvs. bright green; lfts. usually 7, short-stalked, elliptic to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes pubescent on the veins beneath, 2-5 in. long: cymes 5-rayed, to 10 in. across: fr. purplish black, usually 4-celled. June, July; fr. in Sept. Nova Scotia and Man. to Fla. and Texas. —The handsomest and most effective of the elders in bloom, also attractive when weighed down with its large clusters of purplish black berries.

Var. submollis, Rehd. Lvs. grayish green and soft-pubescent beneath. Ill. to Ark. and Texas.

Var. maxima, Hesse. Lvs. larger: cymes to 18 in. across. Very vigorous grower.

Var. acutiloba, Ellwanger & Barry (var. laciniata, Cowell). Lvs. much dissected, the lower lfts. pinnatifid, the upper ones incisely serrate and narrowly lanceolate. A very handsome and distinct form.

Var. aurea, Cowell (var. delicatissima, Schwerin). Lvs. golden yellow: berries cherry-red.

Var. chlorocarpa, Rehd. Fr. greenish: lvs. pale yellowish green. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Gallery

References

External links


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