Bactris major: Difference between revisions

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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|genus=Bactris  
|familia=Arecaceae
|genus=Bactris
|species=major
|species=major
|common_name=Black roseau, Kawmaka, Prickly palm
|habit=palm-cycad
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|Max ht box=15
|Max ht metric=m
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|origin=Surinam
|origin_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|lifespan=perennial
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|features=evergreen
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|min_zone=11
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|max_zone=12
|image=Upload.png
|image=Upload.png
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''''Bactris major''''' is a small to medium sized (1–10 m tall) [[spine (botany)|spiny]] [[Arecaceae|palm]] which ranges from [[Mexico]], through [[Central America]] into northern [[South America]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]].<ref name = Henderson>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Andrew |authorlink= Andrew Henderson (botanist)|coauthors=[[Gloria Galeano]]; [[Rodrigo Bernal]]|title=Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey| isbn= 0-691-08537-4 }}</ref><ref name=Kew>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18943&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=18943&status=true |title= ''Bactris major''|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>  The species is divided into three<ref name=Kew/> or four<ref name = Henderson/> varieties, although the boundaries between varieties is not always clearly defined.<ref name = Henderson/>
The fruits are eaten or used to flavour drinks.<ref name = Henderson/>
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Bactris major, Jacq. Beach Palm. St. 9-15 ft. high, 1-1½ in. diam., armed with rows of black spines 2 in. long: petiole armed with very long black, terete spines; Lvs. 4-6 ft. long, equally pinnatisect nearly to the rachis; sheath and rachis spiny and white or brown tomentose; segms. linear, acute at both ends, 25-35 on each side, 1-nerved, 8-12 in. long, ⅓-½ in. wide, glabrous on both sides, densely setose, with black hairs along the margin.: frs. about the size of an apricot, edible. Brazil.
Bactris major, Jacq. Beach Palm. St. 9-15 ft. high, 1-1½ in. diam., armed with rows of black spines 2 in. long: petiole armed with very long black, terete spines; Lvs. 4-6 ft. long, equally pinnatisect nearly to the rachis; sheath and rachis spiny and white or brown tomentose; segms. linear, acute at both ends, 25-35 on each side, 1-nerved, 8-12 in. long, ⅓-½ in. wide, glabrous on both sides, densely setose, with black hairs along the margin.: frs. about the size of an apricot, edible. Brazil.
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==Varieties==
==Varieties==
[[Rafaël Govaerts]] recognised three varieties:
* ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''<ref name = var1>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18945&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=18945&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
* ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'' (Mart.) Drude<ref name = var2>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18944&repSynonym_id=18905&name_id=18944&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'' (Mart.) Drude|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
* ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'' (Mart.) Drude<ref name = var3>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18947&repSynonym_id=19065&name_id=18947&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'' (Mart.) Drude|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
[[Andrew Henderson (botanist)|Andrew Henderson]] and co-authors recognised a fourth variety, ''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' (Trail ex Thurn) [[Andrew Henderson (botanist)|A.J.Hend.]],<ref name = Henderson/> but Govaerts considered this to be a synonym of ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18945&repSynonym_id=18962&name_id=18946&status=false |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' (Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend.|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>


Synonyms:<br>
''Bactris ovata'' Stokes ([[nom. illeg.]])</small>,
''Augustinea major'' (Jacq.) H.Karst.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis major'' (Jacq.) H.Karst.</small>,
(of ''Bactris major'')<ref name = Kew/>
--<br>
''Bactris chaetorhachis'' <small>Mart.</small>,
''Bactris minax'' <small>Miq.</small>,
''Augustinea balanoidea'' <small>Oerst.</small>,
''Augustinea ovata'' <small>Oerst.</small>,
''Bactris cruegeriana'' <small>Griseb.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis balanoidea'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Karst.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis ovata'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Karst.</small>,
''Bactris balanoidea'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Wendl.</small>,
''Bactris ovata'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Wendl. (nom. illeg.)</small>,
''Bactris megalocarpa'' <small>Trail ex Thurn</small>,
''Bactris ottostapfiana'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Bactris augustinea'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris superior'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis chaetorhachis'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis ottostapfiana'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis superior'' <small>(L.H.Bailey) Burret</small>,
''Bactris albonotata'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris beata'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris broadwayi'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris cateri'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris ellipsoidalis'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris obovoidea'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris planifolia'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris swabeyi'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris demerarana'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis cruegeriana'' <small>(Griseb.) H.Karst.</small>,
''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' <small>(Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend.</small>,
(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''major'')<ref name = var1/>
--<br>
''Bactris infesta'' <small>Mart.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis infesta'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
''Bactris exaltata'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Bactris nemorosa'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Bactris socialis'' subsp. ''curuena'' <small>Trail</small>,
''Bactris socialis'' subsp. ''gaviona'' <small>Trail</small>,
''Bactris curuena'' <small>(Trail) Trail ex Drude</small>,
''Bactris gaviona'' <small>(Trail) Trail ex Drude</small>,
''Bactris chapadensis'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Bactris major'' var. ''mattogrossensis'' <small>Kuntze</small>,
''Bactris mattogrossensis'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis chapadensis'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis curuena'' <small>(Trail) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis exaltata'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis gaviona'' <small>(Trail) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis mattogrossensis'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis nemorosa'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'')<ref name = var2/>
--<br>
''Bactris socialis'' <small>Mart. </small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis socialis'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'')<ref name = var3/>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==

Latest revision as of 20:16, 29 March 2011

 Bactris major subsp. var.  Black roseau, Kawmaka, Prickly palm
The query description has an empty condition.: palm-cycad
Height: ⇕ to
Width: ⇔ to
15m
Height: ⇕ The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition. to 15 m
Width: ⇔ The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition. to The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition.
The query description has an empty condition.: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ Surinam
Poisonous: ☠
Bloom: ❀
The query description has an empty condition.: ☼
The query description has an empty condition.: ◍
Features: ✓ evergreen
Hidden fields, interally pass variables to right place
Minimum Temp: ☃ °F
USDA Zones: 11 to 12
Sunset Zones:
Flower features: ❀
Arecaceae > Bactris major var. ,



Bactris major is a small to medium sized (1–10 m tall) spiny palm which ranges from Mexico, through Central America into northern South America and Trinidad.[1][2] The species is divided into three[2] or four[1] varieties, although the boundaries between varieties is not always clearly defined.[1]

The fruits are eaten or used to flavour drinks.[1]


Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Bactris major, Jacq. Beach Palm. St. 9-15 ft. high, 1-1½ in. diam., armed with rows of black spines 2 in. long: petiole armed with very long black, terete spines; Lvs. 4-6 ft. long, equally pinnatisect nearly to the rachis; sheath and rachis spiny and white or brown tomentose; segms. linear, acute at both ends, 25-35 on each side, 1-nerved, 8-12 in. long, ⅓-½ in. wide, glabrous on both sides, densely setose, with black hairs along the margin.: frs. about the size of an apricot, edible. Brazil.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Rafaël Govaerts recognised three varieties:

  • Bactris major var. major[3]
  • Bactris major var. infesta (Mart.) Drude[4]
  • Bactris major var. socialis (Mart.) Drude[5]

Andrew Henderson and co-authors recognised a fourth variety, Bactris major var. megalocarpa (Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend.,[1] but Govaerts considered this to be a synonym of Bactris major var. major.[6]

Synonyms:
Bactris ovata Stokes (nom. illeg.), Augustinea major (Jacq.) H.Karst., Pyrenoglyphis major (Jacq.) H.Karst., (of Bactris major)[2] --
Bactris chaetorhachis Mart., Bactris minax Miq., Augustinea balanoidea Oerst., Augustinea ovata Oerst., Bactris cruegeriana Griseb., Pyrenoglyphis balanoidea (Oerst.) H.Karst., Pyrenoglyphis ovata (Oerst.) H.Karst., Bactris balanoidea (Oerst.) H.Wendl., Bactris ovata (Oerst.) H.Wendl. (nom. illeg.), Bactris megalocarpa Trail ex Thurn, Bactris ottostapfiana Barb.Rodr., Bactris augustinea L.H.Bailey, Bactris superior L.H.Bailey, Pyrenoglyphis chaetorhachis (Mart.) Burret, Pyrenoglyphis ottostapfiana (Barb.Rodr.) Burret, Pyrenoglyphis superior (L.H.Bailey) Burret, Bactris albonotata L.H.Bailey, Bactris beata L.H.Bailey, Bactris broadwayi L.H.Bailey, Bactris cateri L.H.Bailey, Bactris ellipsoidalis L.H.Bailey, Bactris obovoidea L.H.Bailey, Bactris planifolia L.H.Bailey, Bactris swabeyi L.H.Bailey, Bactris demerarana L.H.Bailey, Pyrenoglyphis cruegeriana (Griseb.) H.Karst., Bactris major var. megalocarpa (Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend., (of Bactris major var. major)[3] --
Bactris infesta Mart., Pyrenoglyphis infesta (Mart.) Burret, Bactris exaltata Barb.Rodr., Bactris nemorosa Barb.Rodr., Bactris socialis subsp. curuena Trail, Bactris socialis subsp. gaviona Trail, Bactris curuena (Trail) Trail ex Drude, Bactris gaviona (Trail) Trail ex Drude, Bactris chapadensis Barb.Rodr., Bactris major var. mattogrossensis Kuntze, Bactris mattogrossensis Barb.Rodr., Pyrenoglyphis chapadensis (Barb.Rodr.) Burret, Pyrenoglyphis curuena (Trail) Burret, Pyrenoglyphis exaltata (Barb.Rodr.) Burret, Pyrenoglyphis gaviona (Trail) Burret, Pyrenoglyphis mattogrossensis (Barb.Rodr.) Burret, Pyrenoglyphis nemorosa (Barb.Rodr.) Burret, (of Bactris major var. infesta)[4] --
Bactris socialis Mart. , Pyrenoglyphis socialis (Mart.) Burret, (of Bactris major var. socialis)[5]

Gallery

  • photo 1
    photo 1
  • photo 2
    photo 2
  • photo 3
    photo 3

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Henderson, Andrew; Gloria Galeano; Rodrigo Bernal (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08537-4. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Bactris major". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Bactris major var. major". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Bactris major var. infesta (Mart.) Drude". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Bactris major var. socialis (Mart.) Drude". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
  6. ↑ "Bactris major var. megalocarpa (Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.

External links


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