Strophanthus: Difference between revisions

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Strophanthus subsp. var.

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Lifespan:	⌛
Origin:	✈
Poisonous:	☠
Bloom:	❀

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Features:	✓	evergreen
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Apocynaceae >

Strophanthus

var.

,

If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!

Strophanthus is a genus of 35-40 species of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, native mainly to tropical Africa, extending to South Africa, with a few species in Asia, from southern India to the Philippines and southern China. The name (strophos anthos, "twisted cord flower") derives from the long twisted threadlike segments of the corolla, which in one species (S. preussii) attain a length of 30–35 cm.

The genus includes vines, shrubs and small trees. The leaves are opposite or whorled, simple broad lanceolate, 2–20 cm long, with an entire margin.

Several of the African tribes used Strophanthus as the principal ingredient in arrow poison.

[hide]Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
Strophanthus (Greek, twisted cord and flower, alluding to the corolla-segms.). Incl. Roupellia. Apocynaceae. Shrubs, often scandent, glabrous or more or less hairy, with persistent or deciduous foliage, suitable for the warmhouse: lvs. opposite, rarely ternate: infl. terminal, often at the ends of short branches, corymbose, many- or few-fld. or reduced to solitary fls.: fls. mostly showy; sepals 5, imbricate, sometimes foliaceous; corolla funnelform or campanulate, tube cylindrical, long or short, mouth with paired appendages alternating with the lobes which are 5, acuminate and produced into very long filiform tails; disk none: mericarps 2, follicular, oblong or fusiform, divaricate.—About 40 species, Trop. and S. Afr. and Trop. Asia. S. dichotomus, DC. Erect shrub with stout branches: lvs. elliptic-oblong or obovate, 3-5 1/2 x 2-3 in., obtuse, acute or apiculate, rather coriaceous: cymes much shorter than the lvs., dichotomous, few-fld.: sepals subulate from an ovate base; corolla-tube and throat 3/4 - 1 in. long, whitish tails 5-7 in. long, purple: follicles very large, 8 x 2 in., divergent. India, Malaya, and Java. H.U. 2, p. 225. —S. grandiflorus, Stapf (S. Petersianus var. grandiflorus, N. E. Br.). Dense shrub, 5-6 ft. high, with long, slender, reddish brown branches: lvs. ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, 2-3 x 3/4-1 in., membranous: cymes terminal on leafy branches, usually reduced to a single fl.: sepals oblong to lanceolate-oblong, erect; corolla wide, purplish without, milk-white or creamy within, the lobes ovate, produced to filiform tails about 6 in. long. Trop. and S. Afr. B.M. 7390.—S. gratus, Franch. (Roupellia grata, Wall. & Hook.). Small glabrous tree or shrub: lvs. oblong, short-acuminate, base obtuse or subacute, leathery: cymes terminal, sessile, few- to 12-fld.: fls. white or tinged with pink, large; sepals broad, oblong or obovate; corolla-tube 1 1/2 in. long, lobes broad, obovate, 3/4-1 in. long; ovary glabrous: follicles obtusely acuminate. Trop. Afr. B.M. 4466. G.C. III. 28:151. J.F. 1:16.—S. Ledienii, Stein. Shrub, with softly and sparingly pubescent branches, brown when young: lvs. obovate, abruptly cuspidate, cuneate at the base: cymes sessile, terminal, 3-7-fld.: sepals linear from an elliptic base, acute; corolla-tube pale yellow, the lobes deep yellow, ovate, 6-8 in. long, including the tails: follicles slender, brown, mottled with yellow, coriaceous. Trop. Afr. Gt. 36:1241.—S. Preussii, Engl. & Pax. Rambling or climbing shrub, up to 12 ft. high: branches glabrous, brown or red-brown: lvs. elliptic or oblong to obovate or ovate, abruptly acuminate, 2-5 x 1 1/2-2 in.: cymes terminal, corymbose, many-fld.: sepals linear-oblong or linear; corolla cream-colored to orange with purple spots and streaks in the throat and purple tails, the lobes ovate, suddenly constricted and produced into tails 1 ft. long. Trop. Afr. B.M. 8250.—S. speciosus, Reber (S. capensis, A. DC.). Glabrous, rambling shrub: branches trailing on other shrubs, sometimes running high up, olive-green: lvs. in whorls of 3-4, rarely the uppermost opposite, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, rarely acuminate, 1 1/2 – 3 1/2 x 1/2 - 1 in., leathery: cymes terminal or pseudo-axillary, corymbiform, few- to 12-fld.: sepals lanceolate to linear, sometimes recurved; corolla cream-colored to yellow or orange spotted with red, the lobes attenuate from a somewhat broader base into linear spreading tails about 1-1 1/2 in. long: follicles very slender, lanceolate, about 6 in. long. S. Afr. ^CH The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

Strophanthus aambe
Strophanthus alterniflorus
Strophanthus amboensis
Strophanthus annamensis
Strophanthus arboreus
Strophanthus arnoldianus
Strophanthus aurantiacus
Strophanthus barteri
Strophanthus bequaertii
Strophanthus boivinni
Strophanthus brevicaudatus
Strophanthus bullenianus
Strophanthus capensis
Strophanthus caudatus (tropical Asia)
Strophanthus chinensis (southern China, Vietnam)
Strophanthus congoensis
Strophanthus courmontii
Strophanthus cumingii
Strophanthus dichotomus
Strophanthus divaricatus (southern China; { Vietnam)
Strophanthus eminii (east Africa; poison: e-strophanthin)
Strophanthus glabra
Strophanthus gratus (tropical west Africa; poison: ouabain, g-strophanthin)
Strophanthus hispidus (Togo, Cameroon)
Strophanthus laurifolinus
Strophanthus kombe (east Africa; poison: k-strophanthin)
Strophanthus nicholsoni
Strophanthus petersianus (tropical Africa)
Strophanthus preussii (tropical west Africa)
Strophanthus sarmentosus (tropical Africa)
Strophanthus scandens (Mallacca)
Strophanthus speciosus (South Africa)
Strophanthus thallone
Strophanthus vanderijstii
Strophanthus welwitschii

Gallery

photo 1
photo 2
photo 3

References

External links

w:Strophanthus. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |familia=Apocynaceae
 |genus=Strophanthus
 |features=evergreen
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Strophanthus preussi0.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
+'''''Strophanthus''''' is a genus of 35-40 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Apocynaceae]], native mainly to tropical [[Africa]], extending to [[South Africa]], with a few species in [[Asia]], from southern [[India]] to the [[Philippines]] and southern [[China]]. The name (''strophos anthos'', "twisted cord flower") derives from the long twisted threadlike segments of the [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], which in one species (''S. preussii'') attain a length of 30–35&nbsp;cm.
-| name = ''LATINNAME''   <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
-| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
+The genus includes [[vine]]s, [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite or whorled, simple broad lanceolate, 2–20&nbsp;cm long, with an entire margin.
-| growth_habit = ?   <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
-| high = ?   <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
+Several of the African tribes used ''Strophanthus'' as the principal ingredient in [[arrow poison]].
-| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
-| origin = ?   <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
-| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
-| lifespan =     <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
-| exposure = ?   <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
-| water = ?   <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
-| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
-| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
-| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
-| usda_zones = ?   <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
-| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
-| color = IndianRed
-| image = Upload.png   <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
-| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
-| image_caption =     <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
-| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->
-| divisio =   <!--- Phylum -->
-| classis =    <!--- Class -->
-| ordo =    <!--- Order -->
-| familia =    <!--- Family -->
-| genus =
-| species =
-| subspecies =
-| cultivar =
-}}
 {{Inc|
-<!--- ******************************************************* -->
 Strophanthus (Greek, twisted cord and flower, alluding to the corolla-segms.). Incl. Roupellia. Apocynaceae. Shrubs, often scandent, glabrous or more or less hairy, with persistent or deciduous foliage, suitable for the warmhouse: lvs. opposite, rarely ternate: infl. terminal, often at the ends of short branches, corymbose, many- or few-fld. or reduced to solitary fls.: fls. mostly showy; sepals 5, imbricate, sometimes foliaceous; corolla funnelform or campanulate, tube cylindrical, long or short, mouth with paired appendages alternating with the lobes which are 5, acuminate and produced into very long filiform tails; disk none: mericarps 2, follicular, oblong or fusiform, divaricate.—About 40 species, Trop. and S. Afr. and Trop. Asia.
-S. dichotomus, DC. Erect shrub with stout branches: lvs. elliptic-oblong or obovate, 3-5 1/2 x 2-3 in., obtuse, acute or apiculate, rather coriaceous: cymes much shorter than the lvs., dichotomous, few-fld.: sepals subulate from an ovate base; corolla-tube and throat 3/4 - 1 in. long, whitish tails 5-7 in. long, purple: follicles very large, 8 x 2 in., divergent. India, Malaya, and Java. H.U. 2, p. 225. —S. grandiflorus, Stapf (S. Petersianus var. grandiflorus, N. E. Br.). Dense shrub, 5-6 ft. high, with long, slender, reddish brown branches: lvs. ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, 2-3 x 3/4-1 in., membranous: cymes terminal on leafy branches, usually reduced to a single fl.: sepals oblong to lanceolate-oblong, erect; corolla wide, purplish without, milk-white or creamy within, the lobes ovate, produced to filiform tails about 6 in. long. Trop. and S. Afr. B.M. 7390.—S. gratus, Franch. (Roupellia grata, Wall. & Hook.). Small glabrous tree or shrub: lvs. oblong, short-acuminate, base obtuse or subacute, leathery: cymes terminal, sessile, few- to 12-fld.: fls. white or tinged with pink, large; sepals broad, oblong or obovate; corolla-tube 1 1/2 in. long, lobes broad, obovate, 3/4-1 in. long; ovary glabrous: follicles obtusely acuminate. Trop. Afr. B.M. 4466. G.C. III. 28:151. J.F. 1:16.—S. Ledienii, Stein. Shrub, with softly and sparingly pubescent branches, brown when young: lvs. obovate, abruptly cuspidate, cuneate at the base: cymes sessile, terminal, 3-7-fld.: sepals linear from an elliptic base, acute; corolla-tube pale yellow, the lobes deep yellow, ovate, 6-8 in. long, including the tails: follicles slender, brown, mottled with yellow, coriaceous. Trop. Afr. Gt. 36:1241.—S. Preussii, Engl. & Pax. Rambling or climbing shrub, up to 12 ft. high: branches glabrous, brown or red-brown: lvs. elliptic or oblong to obovate or ovate, abruptly acuminate, 2-5 x 1 1/2-2 in.: cymes terminal, corymbose, many-fld.: sepals linear-oblong or linear; corolla cream-colored to orange with purple spots and streaks in the throat and purple tails, the lobes ovate, suddenly constricted and produced into tails 1 ft. long. Trop. Afr. B.M. 8250.—S. speciosus, Reber (S. capensis, A. DC.). Glabrous, rambling shrub: branches trailing on other shrubs, sometimes running high up, olive-green: lvs. in whorls of 3-4, rarely the uppermost opposite, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, rarely acuminate, 1 1/2 – 3 1/2 x 1/2 - 1 in., leathery: cymes terminal or pseudo-axillary, corymbiform, few- to 12-fld.: sepals lanceolate to linear, sometimes recurved; corolla cream-colored to yellow or orange spotted with red, the lobes attenuate from a somewhat broader base into linear spreading tails about 1-1 1/2 in. long: follicles very slender, lanceolate, about 6 in. long. S. Afr. B.M. 5713.
+S. dichotomus, DC. Erect shrub with stout branches: lvs. elliptic-oblong or obovate, 3-5 1/2 x 2-3 in., obtuse, acute or apiculate, rather coriaceous: cymes much shorter than the lvs., dichotomous, few-fld.: sepals subulate from an ovate base; corolla-tube and throat 3/4 - 1 in. long, whitish tails 5-7 in. long, purple: follicles very large, 8 x 2 in., divergent. India, Malaya, and Java. H.U. 2, p. 225. —S. grandiflorus, Stapf (S. Petersianus var. grandiflorus, N. E. Br.). Dense shrub, 5-6 ft. high, with long, slender, reddish brown branches: lvs. ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, 2-3 x 3/4-1 in., membranous: cymes terminal on leafy branches, usually reduced to a single fl.: sepals oblong to lanceolate-oblong, erect; corolla wide, purplish without, milk-white or creamy within, the lobes ovate, produced to filiform tails about 6 in. long. Trop. and S. Afr. B.M. 7390.—S. gratus, Franch. (Roupellia grata, Wall. & Hook.). Small glabrous tree or shrub: lvs. oblong, short-acuminate, base obtuse or subacute, leathery: cymes terminal, sessile, few- to 12-fld.: fls. white or tinged with pink, large; sepals broad, oblong or obovate; corolla-tube 1 1/2 in. long, lobes broad, obovate, 3/4-1 in. long; ovary glabrous: follicles obtusely acuminate. Trop. Afr. B.M. 4466. G.C. III. 28:151. J.F. 1:16.—S. Ledienii, Stein. Shrub, with softly and sparingly pubescent branches, brown when young: lvs. obovate, abruptly cuspidate, cuneate at the base: cymes sessile, terminal, 3-7-fld.: sepals linear from an elliptic base, acute; corolla-tube pale yellow, the lobes deep yellow, ovate, 6-8 in. long, including the tails: follicles slender, brown, mottled with yellow, coriaceous. Trop. Afr. Gt. 36:1241.—S. Preussii, Engl. & Pax. Rambling or climbing shrub, up to 12 ft. high: branches glabrous, brown or red-brown: lvs. elliptic or oblong to obovate or ovate, abruptly acuminate, 2-5 x 1 1/2-2 in.: cymes terminal, corymbose, many-fld.: sepals linear-oblong or linear; corolla cream-colored to orange with purple spots and streaks in the throat and purple tails, the lobes ovate, suddenly constricted and produced into tails 1 ft. long. Trop. Afr. B.M. 8250.—S. speciosus, Reber (S. capensis, A. DC.). Glabrous, rambling shrub: branches trailing on other shrubs, sometimes running high up, olive-green: lvs. in whorls of 3-4, rarely the uppermost opposite, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, rarely acuminate, 1 1/2 – 3 1/2 x 1/2 - 1 in., leathery: cymes terminal or pseudo-axillary, corymbiform, few- to 12-fld.: sepals lanceolate to linear, sometimes recurved; corolla cream-colored to yellow or orange spotted with red, the lobes attenuate from a somewhat broader base into linear spreading tails about 1-1 1/2 in. long: follicles very slender, lanceolate, about 6 in. long. S. Afr.
 {{SCH}}
 }}
 ==Cultivation==
-{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 ===Propagation===
-{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 ===Pests and diseases===
-{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 ==Species==
-<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
+*''Strophanthus aambe''
+*''Strophanthus alterniflorus''
+*''Strophanthus amboensis''
+*''Strophanthus annamensis''
+*''Strophanthus arboreus''
+*''Strophanthus arnoldianus''
+*''Strophanthus aurantiacus''
+*''Strophanthus barteri''
+*''Strophanthus bequaertii''
+*''Strophanthus boivinni''
+*''Strophanthus brevicaudatus''
+*''Strophanthus bullenianus''
+*''Strophanthus capensis''
+*''Strophanthus caudatus'' (tropical Asia)
+*''Strophanthus chinensis'' (southern China, Vietnam)
+*''Strophanthus congoensis''
+*''Strophanthus courmontii''
+*''Strophanthus cumingii''
+*''Strophanthus dichotomus''
+*''[[Strophanthus divaricatus]]'' (southern China; { Vietnam)
+*''Strophanthus eminii'' (east Africa; poison: e-strophanthin)
+*''Strophanthus glabra''
+*''[[Strophanthus gratus]]'' (tropical west Africa; poison: [[ouabain]], g-strophanthin)
+*''[[Strophanthus hispidus]]'' (Togo, Cameroon)
+*''Strophanthus laurifolinus''
+*''Strophanthus kombe'' (east Africa; poison: k-strophanthin)
+*''Strophanthus nicholsoni''
+*''Strophanthus petersianus'' (tropical Africa)
+*''Strophanthus preussii'' (tropical west Africa)
+*''Strophanthus sarmentosus'' (tropical Africa)
+*''Strophanthus scandens'' (Mallacca)
+*''[[Strophanthus speciosus]]'' (South Africa)
+*''Strophanthus thallone''
+*''Strophanthus vanderijstii''
+*''Strophanthus welwitschii''
 ==Gallery==
-{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
+<gallery perrow=5>
-<gallery>
 Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 Image:Upload.png| photo 2
@@ Line 68: / Line 75: @@
 ==References==
-*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
+<references/>
 <!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 <!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
@@ Line 77: / Line 84: @@
 {{stub}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+__NOTOC__
-<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->