Glycyrrhiza glabra: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:38, 31 July 2010

Glycyrrhiza glabra subsp. var.

Licorice, Liquorice, Sweetwood

Habit:		herbaceous
Height:	⇕	to
Width:	⇔	to
	36 in	36 in
Height:	⇕	The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition. to 36 in
Width:	⇔	The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition. to 36 in
Lifespan:	⌛	perennial, annual
Origin:	✈
Poisonous:	☠	yes, see text
Bloom:	❀	early summer, mid summer, late summer

Exposure:	☼	sun
Water:	◍
Features:	✓	flowers, edible
Hidden fields, interally pass variables to right place
Minimum Temp:	☃	°F
USDA Zones:		7 to 9
Sunset Zones:
Flower features:	❀	blue, purple

Fabaceae >

Glycyrrhiza

glabra

var.

,

Liquorice (Template:PronEng Template:Respell),^[1] also licorice, is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a legume (related to beans and peas), native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is not related to Anise, Star Anise or Fennel, which are the source of superficially similar flavouring compounds. It is an herbaceous perennial, growing to 1 m in height, with pinnate leaves about 7–15 centimetres (3–6 in) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The flowers are 0.8–1.2 cm (½–⅓ in) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose inflorescence. The fruit is an oblong pod, 2–3 centimetres (1 in) long, containing several seeds.^[2] The flavor of liquorice comes mainly from a sweet-tasting compound called anethole ("trans"-1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene), an aromatic, unsaturated ether compound also found in anise, fennel, and other herbs. Additional sweetness in liquorice comes from glycyrrhizin, a compound sweeter than sugar.

Excessive consumption of liquorice or liquorice candy is known to be toxic to the liver^[3] and cardiovascular system, and may produce hypertension ^[4] and oedema.^[5] The European Commission 2008 report suggested that “people should not consume any more than 100mg of glycyrrhizic acid a day, for it can raise blood pressure or cause muscle weakness, chronic fatigue, headaches or swelling, and lower testosterone levels in men.”

[hide]Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn. Height 2-3 ft.: leaflets ovate, subretuse, subglutinous beneath, 4-8 pairs, with an odd one: spikes peduncled, shorter than the leaves; flowers closely clustered, the calyx glandular pubescent: pods glabrous, 3-4- seeded. Summer and autumn.—Seeds in pods are listed by a few dealers with miscellaneous agricultural seeds. ^CH The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

Cultivation

Liquorice grows best in deep, fertile, well-drained soils, with full sun, and is harvested in the autumn, two to three years after planting.^[2]

Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Gallery

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photo 1
photo 2
photo 3

References

Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

External links

w:Glycyrrhiza glabra. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
Glycyrrhiza glabra QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)

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↑ Merriam-Webster Online: Licorice
↑ ^{Jump up to: 2.0} ^2.1 Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. ISBN 0-333-47494-5
↑ The Nurse's Guide To Herbal Remedies from Salisbury University
↑ Liquorice and hypertension Editorial in The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 2005
↑ A Guide to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from Purdue University

[1] Merriam-Webster Online: Licorice

[rhs-2] {Jump up to: 2.0} ^2.1 Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. ISBN 0-333-47494-5

[3] The Nurse's Guide To Herbal Remedies from Salisbury University

[4] Liquorice and hypertension Editorial in The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 2005

[5] A Guide to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from Purdue University

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
-|genus= Glycyrrhiza
+|familia=Fabaceae
+|genus=Glycyrrhiza
 |species=glabra
-|habit=shrub
+|common_name=Licorice, Liquorice, Sweetwood
-|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
+|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
-|Min ht box=36
+|habit=herbaceous
-|Min ht metric=in
+|habit_ref=Wikipedia
+|Max ht box=36
+|Max ht metric=in
 |height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
-|Min wd box=36
+|Max wd box=36
-|Min wd metric=in
+|Max wd metric=in
 |width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
+|poisonous=yes, see text
+|poison_ref=Wikipedia
 |lifespan=perennial, annual
 |life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 |exposure=sun
 |sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
+|features=flowers, edible
 |flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
 |flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
@@ Line 21: / Line 27: @@
 |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 |max_zone=9
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Koeh-207.jpg
-|image_width=240
+|image_width=200
-}}
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
-| latin_name = ''LATINNAME''   <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
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-| growth_habit = ?   <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
-| high = ?   <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
-| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
-| origin = ?   <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
-| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
-| lifespan =     <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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-| water = ?   <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
-| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
-| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
-| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
-| usda_zones = ?   <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
-| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
-| color = IndianRed
-| image = Upload.png   <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
-| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
-| image_caption =     <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
-| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->
-| divisio =   <!--- Phylum -->
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-| ordo =    <!--- Order -->
-| familia =    <!--- Family -->
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 }}
+'''Liquorice''' ({{PronEng|ˈlɪkərɪʃ}} {{respell|LIK|ə-rish}}),<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/licorice Merriam-Webster Online: Licorice]</ref> also '''licorice''', is the root of '''''Glycyrrhiza glabra''''' from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a [[legume]] (related to beans and [[pea]]s), native to southern Europe and parts of [[Asia]]. It is not related to [[Anise]], [[Star Anise]] or [[Fennel]], which are the source of <!-- Is "superficially" the best word to describe the similarities between these plants? -->superficially similar flavouring compounds. It is an [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], growing to 1 m in height, with [[pinnate]] [[leaf|leaves]] about 7–15 centimetres (3–6&nbsp;in) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The [[flower]]s are 0.8–1.2&nbsp;cm (½–⅓&nbsp;in) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose [[inflorescence]]. The [[fruit]] is an oblong [[legume|pod]], 2–3 centimetres (1&nbsp;in) long, containing several [[seed]]s.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. ISBN 0-333-47494-5</ref> The flavor of liquorice comes mainly from a sweet-tasting compound called [[anethole]] ("trans"-1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene), an aromatic, unsaturated ether compound also found in anise, fennel, and other herbs. Additional sweetness in liquorice comes from [[glycyrrhizin]], a compound sweeter than [[sugar]].
+Excessive consumption of liquorice or liquorice candy is known to be [[Toxicity|toxic]] to the [[liver]]<ref>[http://www.salisbury.edu/nursing/herbalremedies/Toxic%20herbs.htm ''The Nurse's Guide To Herbal Remedies'' from Salisbury University]</ref> and [[Circulatory system|cardiovascular system]], and may produce [[hypertension]] <ref>[http://www.zuidencomm.nl/njm/getpdf.php?id=381 ''Liquorice and hypertension'' Editorial in The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 2005]</ref> and [[oedema]].<ref>[http://www.umdnj.edu/umcweb/marketing_and_communications/publications/umdnj_magazine/hstate/wntr00/pulse/pulse7.htm ''A Guide to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants'' from Purdue University]</ref> The [[European Commission]] 2008 report suggested that “people should not consume any more than 100mg of [[glycyrrhizic acid]] a day, for it can raise [[blood pressure]] or cause muscle weakness, chronic fatigue, headaches or swelling, and lower testosterone levels in men.”
 {{Inc|
 Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn. Height 2-3 ft.: leaflets ovate, subretuse, subglutinous beneath, 4-8 pairs, with an odd one: spikes peduncled, shorter than the leaves; flowers closely clustered, the calyx glandular pubescent: pods glabrous, 3-4- seeded. Summer and autumn.—Seeds in pods are listed by a few dealers with miscellaneous agricultural seeds.
@@ Line 60: / Line 40: @@
 ==Cultivation==
-{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
+Liquorice grows best in deep, fertile, well-drained soils, with full sun, and is harvested in the [[autumn]], two to three years after planting.<ref name=rhs/>
 ===Propagation===
@@ Line 90: / Line 70: @@
 {{stub}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+__NOTOC__
-<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->