Vaccinium: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:27, 13 October 2009

Vaccinium subsp. var.

Incl: blueberries, cranberries, huckleberries, lingonberries

Habit:		[[Category:]]
Height:	⇕	to
Width:	⇔	to
	cm
Height:	⇕	cm to The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition.
Width:	⇔	The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition. to The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition.
Lifespan:	⌛	perennial
Origin:	✈	N Hemisphere and S Africa
Poisonous:	☠
Bloom:	❀

Exposure:	☼
Water:	◍
Features:	✓
Hidden fields, interally pass variables to right place
Minimum Temp:	☃	°F
USDA Zones:		to
Sunset Zones:
Flower features:	❀

Ericaceae >

Vaccinium

var.

,

[hide]Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
Vaccinium (ancient Latin name of the blueberry). Ericaceae. Blueberries, Bilberries, Deerberries, and Cranberries. Erect or creeping shrubs, often with green speckled twigs, well known in this country as the source of excellent wild berries; sometimes planted for ornament. Leaves alternate, evergreen or deciduous, coriaceous or herbaceous: fls. solitary, axillary or terminal or in racemes; sepals 4-5 or obsolete; corolla gamopetalous, urceolate, cylindrical, campanulate, or rotate, 4-5-toothed or -parted, white or pink; stamens 8-10; anthers dehiscing by pores at the tips of long slender terminal tubes, epigynous: carpels 4-5; ovary inferior, 4-5-celled, or 8-10-celled by intrusion of the midrib of each carpel: fr. a many-seeded berry capped by the persistent calyx.—The genus consists of about 130 species of wide geographic distribution, extending from the Arctic Circle to the higher mountains of the tropics. They are most common in North America and the Himalayas. The genus is almost without representation in the southern hemisphere. The well-known confusion in the popular names applied to Vaccinium is stated by Munson as follows: "The terms 'bilberry' and 'whortleberry' usually mentioned as 'common names' by American writers are seldom or never heard among the common people in this country; while 'huckleberry' is often used indiscriminately for plants of this genus and for the Gaylussacias. In the central states the term 'huckleberry' is usually applied to V. corymbosum, while 'blueberry' is given to the low-growing species, like V. canadensis and V. pennsylvanicum. In New England, 'huckleberry' is reserved for species of Gaylussacia, while 'blueberry' is applied to the lower-growing species as above, and 'high-bush blueberry’ to V. corymbosum. The red-berried species are, in general, referred to as 'cranberries.'" Among the plants that lend tone to the landscape in October and November by reason of their bright foliage, many of the species of Vaccinium may be included—the brilliant red, crimson, and orange colors often persisting much longer than the bright-hued leaves of a large number of other plants. Of the ornamental species none is more strikingly beautiful late in the autumn than the common high-bush blueberry, V. corymbosum. When well grown it is a stout, thick, spreading bush 8 to 10 feet high. The plant is beautiful when in flower; the fruit is attractive and of the best quality, and the bright scarlet and crimson effects in late autumn, rivaling the sumach in brilliancy, are unsurpassed. As an ornamental plant the species deserves a place in every garden. V. pennsylvanicum also brightens waste places for a short time, but drops its foliage too early to be worthy of planting as an undershrub. The same is true of V. canadense, which is in many respects similar. V. stamineum, though early deciduous, is attractive when in bloom and throughout the summer by reason of its graceful habit. It is particularly adapted for sterile sandy or gravelly situations, and it is one of the very few ornamental shrubs specially suited for densely shaded situations. It has the peculiarity of never forming a true flower- bud, the blossom being open from the first. V. arboreum forms an irregular shrub too diffuse and straggling to be of value except when planted in masses at the South. V. hirsutum is as beautiful in its autumn coloring as is V. corymbosum and, like that species, retains its foliage late in the season. V. Vitis-Idaea and V. uliginosum, with their shining box-like foliage, can be used very effectively as edging for the shrubbery border. For the most part, vacciniums are plants of peaty or sandy acid soil, and will not thrive in soils of a richer nature. Many species are very sensitive to the presence of lime, and they require special attention as to soil. See Blueberry. Quoted statements in the specific descriptions in the following treatment are from the original article on this genus by the late W. M. Munson in the "Cyclopedia of American Horticulture;" that article also gives an interesting account of the native production of the fruit. The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

The genus includes about 450 species of shrubs, small trees and vines which may be evergreen and deciduous. Genus includes blueberries, cranberries, and huckleberries. Most species have small and often colorful fruits, some of which are edible. Flowers can be attractive, tend to be small, face downward, have an urn-shape, and can come individually or in clusters. Most have simple leaves which are oval to lance-shaped. The tips of the leaves are frequently pointed, and the edges sometimes have serration.

Cultivation

Vaccinium like moist, cool, well-drained soil that is rich in humus and acidic. They need protection from very hot summer sun. Conditions suitable to rhododendrons and camellias also tend to keep Vaccinium happy. Rather shrubby species ought to be shaped by pruning: after flowering when fruit is not needed, or else at harvest.

Propagation

You can propagate from seed, cuttings, layering and sometimes division.

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

A classification which predates molecular phylogeny divides Vaccinium into subgenera, and several sections:

Subgenus Oxycoccus: The cranberries, with slender, trailing, wiry non-woody shoots and strongly reflexed flower petals. Some botanists treat Oxycoccus as a distinct genus.

Sect. Oxycoccus
- Vaccinium macrocarpon (American Cranberry)
- Vaccinium microcarpum (Small Cranberry)
- Vaccinium oxycoccus (Common Cranberry)
Sect. Oxycoccoides
- Vaccinium erythrocarpum (Southern Mountain Cranberry)

Subgenus Vaccinium: All the other species, with thicker, upright woody shoots and bell-shaped flowers.

Sect. Batodendron
- Vaccinium arboreum (Sparkleberry) (images)
- Vaccinium crassifolium (Creeping blueberry)
Sect. Brachyceratium
- Vaccinium dependens
Sect. Bracteata
- Vaccinium acrobracteatum
- Vaccinium barandanum
- Vaccinium bracteatum
- Vaccinium coriaceum
- Vaccinium cornigerum
- Vaccinium cruentum
- Vaccinium hooglandii
- Vaccinium horizontale
- Vaccinium laurifolium
- Vaccinium lucidum
- Vaccinium myrtoides
- Vaccinium phillyreoides
- Vaccinium reticulatovenosum
- Vaccinium sparsum
- Vaccinium varingifolium
Sect. Ciliata
- Vaccinium ciliatum
- Vaccinium oldhamii
Sect. Cinctosandra
- Vaccinium exul
Sect. Conchophyllum
- Vaccinium corymbodendron
- Vaccinium delavayi
- Vaccinium emarginatum
- Vaccinium griffithianum
- Vaccinium meridionale
- Vaccinium moupinense (Himalayan Blueberry)
- Vaccinium neilgherrense
- Vaccinium nummularia
- Vaccinium retusum
Sect. Cyanococcus (blueberries)
- Vaccinium angustifolium (Lowbush Blueberry)
- Vaccinium boreale (Northern Blueberry)
- Vaccinium caesariense (New Jersey Blueberry)
- Vaccinium corymbosum (Highbush Blueberry)
- Vaccinium darrowii (Evergreen Blueberry)
- Vaccinium elliottii (Elliott's Blueberry)
- Vaccinium formosum
- Vaccinium fuscatum (Black Highbush Blueberry; syn. V. atrococcum)
- Vaccinium hirsutum
- Vaccinium koreanum
- Vaccinium myrsinites (Evergreen Blueberry)
- Vaccinium myrtilloides (Canadian Blueberry)
- Vaccinium pallidum (Dryland Blueberry) (images)
- Vaccinium simulatum
- Vaccinium tenellum
- Vaccinium virgatum (Rabbiteye Blueberry; syn. V. ashei)
Sect. Eococcus
- Vaccinium fragile
Sect. Epigynium
- Vaccinium vacciniaceum
Sect. Galeopetalum
- Vaccinium chunii
- Vaccinium dunalianum
- Vaccinium glaucoalbum
- Vaccinium urceolatum
Sect. Hemimyrtillus
- Vaccinium arctostaphylos
- Vaccinium cylindraceum
- Vaccinium hirtum
- Vaccinium padifolium
- Vaccinium smallii
Sect. Myrtillus
- Vaccinium calycinum (Ōhelo kau laTemplate:Okinaau)
- Vaccinium cespitosum (Dwarf bilberry)
- Vaccinium deliciosum (Cascade Bilberry)
- Vaccinium dentatum (Ōhelo)
- Vaccinium membranaceum
- Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry)
- Vaccinium ovalifolium (Alaska Blueberry; syn. V. alaskaense)
- Vaccinium parvifolium (Red Huckleberry)
- Vaccinium praestans - Krasnika in Russian (Template:Lang-ru)
- Vaccinium reticulatum (Ōhelo Template:Okinaai)
- Vaccinium scoparium (Grouse Whortleberry)
Sect. Neurodesia
- Vaccinium crenatum
Sect. Oarianthe
- Vaccinium ambyandrum
- Vaccinium cyclopense
Sect. Oreades
- Vaccinium poasanum
Sect. Pachyanthum
- Vaccinium fissiflorum
Sect. Polycodium
- Vaccinium stamineum (Deerberry; syn. V. caesium) (images)
Sect. Pyxothamnus
- Vaccinium consanguineum
- Vaccinium floribundum
- Vaccinium ovatum (California Huckleberry)
Sect. Vaccinium
- Vaccinium uliginosum (Northern (or Bog) Bilberry; syn. V. occidentale)
Sect. Vitis-idaea
- Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Cowberry, Lingonberry)

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

photo 1
photo 2
photo 3

References

Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381

External links

w:Vaccinium. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
Vaccinium QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)

This article is a stub. You can help Gardenology.org by expanding it.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
+{{SPlantbox
-| name = ''Vaccinium''
+|familia=Ericaceae
-| common_names =  Incl: blueberries, cranberries, huckleberries, lingonberries
+|genus=Vaccinium
-| growth_habit = shrubs, sm. trees, vines
+|common_name=Incl: blueberries, cranberries, huckleberries, lingonberries
-| high =     <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
+|Min ht metric=cm
-| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
+|origin=N Hemisphere and S Africa
-| origin = N Hemisphere and S Africa
+|lifespan=perennial
-| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
+|Temp Metric=°F
-| lifespan = perennial
+|image=Vaccinium corymbosum(01).jpg
-| exposure =     <!--- sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
+|image_width=200
-| water =     <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
+|image_caption=Vaccinium corymbosum
-| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
-| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5[[Celsius|°C]], etc -->
-| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
-| usda_zones =     <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
-| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
-| color = IndianRed
-| image = Vaccinium corymbosum(01).jpg
-| image_width = 200px
-| image_caption = ''Vaccinium corymbosum''
-| regnum = Plantae
-| divisio = Magnoliophyta
-| unranked_classis = eudicots
-| ordo = Ericales
-| familia = Ericaceae
-| subfamilia = Vaccinioideae
-| tribus = Vaccinieae
-| genus = Vaccinium
 }}
-The genus includes about 450 species of shrubs, small trees and vines which may be evergreen and deciduous.  Genus includes blueberries, cranberries, and huckleberries. Most species have small and often colorful fruits, some of which are edible.  Flowers can be attractive, tend to be small, face downward, have an urn-shape, and can come individually or in clusters.  Most have simple leaves which are oval to lance-shaped.  The tips of the leaves are frequently pointed, and the edges sometimes have serration.
+{{Inc|
+Vaccinium (ancient Latin name of the blueberry). Ericaceae. Blueberries, Bilberries, Deerberries, and Cranberries. Erect or creeping shrubs, often with green speckled twigs, well known in this country as the source of excellent wild berries; sometimes planted for ornament.
-===Incorporate this text===
+Leaves alternate, evergreen or deciduous, coriaceous or herbaceous: fls. solitary, axillary or terminal or in racemes; sepals 4-5 or obsolete; corolla gamopetalous, urceolate, cylindrical, campanulate, or rotate, 4-5-toothed or -parted, white or pink; stamens 8-10; anthers dehiscing by pores at the tips of long slender terminal tubes, epigynous: carpels 4-5; ovary inferior, 4-5-celled, or 8-10-celled by intrusion of the midrib of each carpel: fr. a many-seeded berry capped by the persistent calyx.—The genus consists of about 130 species of wide geographic distribution, extending from the Arctic Circle to the higher mountains of the tropics. They are most common in North America and the Himalayas. The genus is almost without representation in the southern hemisphere.
-VACCINIUM (ancient Latin name of the blueberry). Ericacex. Blueberries, Bilberries, Deerberries, and Cranberries. Erect or creeping shrubs, often with green speckled twigs, well known in this country as the source of excellent wild berries; sometimes planted for ornament.
-Leaves alternate, evergreen or deciduous, coriaceous or herbaceous: fls. solitary, axillary or terminal or in racemes; sepals 4-5 or obsolete; corolla gamopetalous, urceolate, cylindrical, campanulate, or rotate, 4-5- toothed or -parted, white or pink; stamens 8-10; anthers dehiscing by pores at the tips of long slender terminal tubes, epigynous: carpels 4-5; ovary inferior. 4-5-celled, or 8-10-celled by intrusion of the midrib of each carpel: fr. a many- seeded berry capped by the persistent calyx.—The genus extends from the Arctic Circle to the higher mountains of the tropics. They are most common in North America and the Himalayas. The genus is almost without representation in the southern hemisphere.
+The well-known confusion in the popular names applied to Vaccinium is stated by Munson as follows: "The terms 'bilberry' and 'whortleberry' usually mentioned as 'common names' by American writers are seldom or never heard among the common people in this country; while 'huckleberry' is often used indiscriminately for plants of this genus and for the Gaylussacias. In the central states the term 'huckleberry' is usually applied to V. corymbosum, while 'blueberry' is given to the low-growing species, like V. canadensis and V. pennsylvanicum. In New England, 'huckleberry' is reserved for species of Gaylussacia, while 'blueberry' is applied to the lower-growing species as above, and 'high-bush blueberry’ to V. corymbosum. The red-berried species are, in general, referred to as 'cranberries.'"
-The well-known confusion in the popular names applied to Vaccinium is stated by Munson as follows: "The terms 'bilberry' and 'whortleberry' usually mentioned as 'common names' by American writers are seldom or never heard among the common people this country; while 'huckleberry' is often used indiscriminately for plants of this genus and for the Gaylussacias. In the central states the term 'huckleberry' is usually applied to V. corymbosum, while 'blueberry' is given to the low-growing species, like V. canadensis and V. pennsylvanicum. In New England, 'huckleberry' is reserved for species of Gaylussacia, while 'blueberry' is applied to the lower-growing species as above, and 'high-bush blueberry* to V. corym- bosum. The red-berried species are, in general, referred to as 'cranberries.'"
+Among the plants that lend tone to the landscape in October and November by reason of their bright foliage, many of the species of Vaccinium may be included—the brilliant red, crimson, and orange colors often persisting much longer than the bright-hued leaves of a large number of other plants. Of the ornamental species none is more strikingly beautiful late in the autumn than the common high-bush blueberry, V. corymbosum. When well grown it is a stout, thick, spreading bush 8 to 10 feet high. The plant is beautiful when in flower; the fruit is attractive and of the best quality, and the bright scarlet and crimson effects in late autumn, rivaling the sumach in brilliancy, are unsurpassed. As an ornamental plant the species deserves a place in every garden. V. pennsylvanicum also brightens waste places for a short time, but drops its foliage too early to be worthy of planting as an undershrub. The same is true of V. canadense, which is in many respects similar. V. stamineum, though early deciduous, is attractive when in bloom and throughout the summer by reason of its graceful habit. It is particularly adapted for sterile sandy or gravelly situations, and it is one of the very few ornamental shrubs specially suited for densely shaded situations. It has the peculiarity of never forming a true flower- bud, the blossom being open from the first. V. arboreum forms an irregular shrub too diffuse and straggling to be of value except when planted in masses at the South. V. hirsutum is as beautiful in its autumn coloring as is V. corymbosum and, like that species, retains its foliage late in the season. V. Vitis-Idaea and V. uliginosum, with their shining box-like foliage, can be used very effectively as edging for the shrubbery border.
-Among the plants that lend tone to the landscape in October and November by reason of their bright foliage, many of the species of Vaccinium may be included—the brilliant red, crimson, and orange colors often persisting much longer than the bright-hued leaves of a large number of other plants. Of the ornamental species none is more strikingly beautiful late in the autumn than the common high-bush blueberry, V. corymbosum. When well grown it is a stout, thick, spreading bush 8 to 10 feet high. The plant is beautiful when in flower; the fruit is attractive and of the best quality, and the bright scarlet and crimson effects in late autumn, rivaling the sumach in brilliancy, are unsurpassed. As an ornamental plant the species deserves a place in every garden. V. j>ennsylvanicum also brightens waste places for a short time, but drops its foliage too early to be worthy of planting as an undershrub. The same is true of V. canodense, which is in many respects similar. V. stamineum, though early deciduous, is attractive when in bloom and throughput the summer by reason of its graceful habit. It is particularly adapted for sterile sandy or gravelly situations, and it is one of the very few ornamental shrubs specially suited for densely shaded situations. It has the peculiarity of never forming a true flower- bud, the blossom being open from the first. V". arbareum forms an irregular shrub too diffuse and straggling to be of value except when planted in masses at the South. V. hirsutum is as beautiful in its autumn coloring as is V. corymbosum and, like that species, retains its foliage late in the season. V. Vitis-Idsra and V. uliginosum, with their shining box-like foliage, can be used very effectively as edging for the shrubbery border. (W. M. Munson.)
+For the most part, vacciniums are plants of peaty or sandy acid soil, and will not thrive in soils of a richer nature. Many species are very sensitive to the presence of lime, and they require special attention as to soil. See Blueberry.
-For the most part, vacciniums are plants of peaty or sandy acid soil, and will not thrive in soils of a richer nature. Many species are very sensitive to the presence of lime, and they require special attention as to soil. See Blueberry.
+Quoted statements in the specific descriptions in the following treatment are from the original article on this genus by the late W. M. Munson in the "Cyclopedia of American Horticulture;" that article also gives an interesting account of the native production of the fruit.
+}}
+The genus includes about 450 species of shrubs, small trees and vines which may be evergreen and deciduous.  Genus includes blueberries, cranberries, and huckleberries. Most species have small and often colorful fruits, some of which are edible.  Flowers can be attractive, tend to be small, face downward, have an urn-shape, and can come individually or in clusters.  Most have simple leaves which are oval to lance-shaped.  The tips of the leaves are frequently pointed, and the edges sometimes have serration.
 ==Cultivation==
-{{monthbox
-| color = IndianRed
-| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left -->
-| jan =
-| feb =
-| mar =
-| apr =
-| may =
-| jun =
-| jul =
-| aug =
-| sep =
-| oct =
-| nov =
-| dec =
-| notes =
-}}
 ''Vaccinium'' like moist, cool, well-drained soil that is rich in humus and acidic.  They need protection from very hot summer sun. Conditions suitable to rhododendrons and camellias also tend to keep Vaccinium happy. Rather shrubby species ought to be shaped by pruning: after flowering when fruit is not needed, or else at harvest.
@@ Line 195: / Line 166: @@
 {{stub}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+__NOTOC__
-<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->