Sorbus aucuparia: Difference between revisions
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{{SPlantbox | |||
| | |familia=Rosaceae | ||
| | |genus=Sorbus | ||
| | |species=aucuparia | ||
|common_name=European mountain ash, Mountain ash, Rowan | |||
| | |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| | |habit=tree | ||
| | |habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| | |Min ht box=15 | ||
| | |Min ht metric=ft | ||
| | |Max ht box=40 | ||
| | |Max ht metric=ft | ||
| | |height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| | |Max wd box=20 | ||
| | |Max wd metric=ft | ||
| | |width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| | |origin=Europe, northern Asia | ||
| | |lifespan=perennial | ||
| | |life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| | |exposure=sun, part-sun | ||
| | |features=flowers | ||
| | |flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring | ||
| | |flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| | |Temp Metric=°F | ||
| | |min_zone=2 | ||
| | |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| | |max_zone=9 | ||
| | |image=Sorbus-aucuparia.JPG | ||
| | |image_width=240 | ||
|image_caption=Rowan growing with [[Mountain Pine]] on a mountainside in the Italian Alps | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''''Sorbus aucuparia''''' ('''Rowan''', '''European Rowan''', '''Mountain ash''', or '''European mountain ash'''), is a species of the genus [[Sorbus]], native to most of [[Europe]] except for the far south, and northern [[Asia]]. In the south of its range in the [[Mediterranean region]] it is confined to high altitudes in mountains.<ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=dvf>Den Virtuella Floran: [http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/rosa/sorbu/sorbaucv.jpg ''Sorbus aucuparia'' map]</ref> | |||
Rowan is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] typically growing to 8–10 m tall, more rarely 20 m, and exceptionally to 28 m. The [[bark]] is smooth, silvery grey of young trees, becoming scaly pale grey-brown and occasionally fissured on old trees. The shoots are green and variably hairy at first, becoming grey-brown and hairless; the buds are conspicuous, purple-brown, and often densely hairy. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, 10–22 cm long and | Sometimes called "[[Mountain Ash]]",<ref name=vedel>Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960). Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow. Methuen & Co Ltd.</ref><ref name=arkive>Arkive: [http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/plants_and_algae/Sorbus_aucuparia/more_info.html Rowan (''Sorbus aucuparia'')]</ref> ''Sorbus'' is unrelated to the true [[Fraxinus|Ash tree]] though the leaves are superficially similar. | ||
It is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] typically growing to 8–10 m tall, more rarely 20 m, and exceptionally to 28 m.<ref>Tree Register of the British Isles</ref> The [[bark]] is smooth, silvery grey of young trees, becoming scaly pale grey-brown and occasionally fissured on old trees. The shoots are green and variably hairy at first, becoming grey-brown and hairless; the buds are conspicuous, purple-brown, and often densely hairy. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[pinnate]], 10–22 cm long and 6-12 cm broad, with 9–19 (most often 13–15) leaflets; each leaflet is 3–7 cm long and 15–23 mm broad, with a coarsely serrated margin; they are variably hairy, particularly the petiole and leaf veins on the underside. The [[plant sexuality|hermaphrodite]] [[flower]]s are produced in large terminal [[corymb]]s 8–15 cm diameter with up to 250 flowers, the individual flowers 1 cm diameter, with five creamy-white [[petal]]s, and are insect pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a small [[pome]] 6–9 mm (rarely up to 14 mm) diameter, green at first, ripening bright red in late summer, and containing up to eight (most commonly two) small [[seed]]s. It is [[diploid]], with a [[chromosome]] count of 2''n''=34.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=tfl>Trees for Life Species Profile: [http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.rowan.html Rowan]</ref><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2736 ''Sorbus aucuparia'']</ref> | |||
Widely grown as an ornamental tree in northern Europe, more locally in northern North America, where also sometimes naturalised. | |||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
Rowan is very tolerant of cold and is often found at high altitude on mountains; in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] it occurs at up to 1 000 m altitude, higher than any other tree, and in [[France]] up to 2 000 m.<ref name=arkive/><ref name=tfl/><ref name=afm2>Mitchell, A. F. (1982). ''The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0</ref> | |||
It is very tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, including thin acid soils and cracks in cliffs. It also fairly frequently grows as an [[epiphyte]] in clefts or cavities of larger trees such as [[Scots Pine]]s, though epiphytic specimens rarely have growing conditions adequate for them to reach maturity.<ref name=tfl/> | |||
===Propagation=== | ===Propagation=== | ||
| Line 49: | Line 57: | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery perrow=5> | |||
File:Sorbus aucuparia Wilde lijsterbes bloeiwijze.jpg| photo 1 | |||
File:Sorbus aucuparia 01 - Orange.jpg| photo 2 | |||
File:Sorbus-aucuparia.JPG| photo 3 | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| Line 61: | Line 67: | ||
*Trees for Life Species Profile: [http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.rowan.html Rowan] | *Trees for Life Species Profile: [http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.rowan.html Rowan] | ||
*Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2736 ''Sorbus aucuparia''] | *Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2736 ''Sorbus aucuparia''] | ||
<references/> | |||
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> | |||
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> | |||
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
__NOTOC__ | |||
Latest revision as of 05:24, 3 June 2010
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Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan, European Rowan, Mountain ash, or European mountain ash), is a species of the genus Sorbus, native to most of Europe except for the far south, and northern Asia. In the south of its range in the Mediterranean region it is confined to high altitudes in mountains.[1][2]
Sometimes called "Mountain Ash",[3][4] Sorbus is unrelated to the true Ash tree though the leaves are superficially similar.
It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree typically growing to 8–10 m tall, more rarely 20 m, and exceptionally to 28 m.[5] The bark is smooth, silvery grey of young trees, becoming scaly pale grey-brown and occasionally fissured on old trees. The shoots are green and variably hairy at first, becoming grey-brown and hairless; the buds are conspicuous, purple-brown, and often densely hairy. The leaves are pinnate, 10–22 cm long and 6-12 cm broad, with 9–19 (most often 13–15) leaflets; each leaflet is 3–7 cm long and 15–23 mm broad, with a coarsely serrated margin; they are variably hairy, particularly the petiole and leaf veins on the underside. The hermaphrodite flowers are produced in large terminal corymbs 8–15 cm diameter with up to 250 flowers, the individual flowers 1 cm diameter, with five creamy-white petals, and are insect pollinated. The fruit is a small pome 6–9 mm (rarely up to 14 mm) diameter, green at first, ripening bright red in late summer, and containing up to eight (most commonly two) small seeds. It is diploid, with a chromosome count of 2n=34.[1][6][7]
Widely grown as an ornamental tree in northern Europe, more locally in northern North America, where also sometimes naturalised.
Cultivation
Rowan is very tolerant of cold and is often found at high altitude on mountains; in the UK it occurs at up to 1 000 m altitude, higher than any other tree, and in France up to 2 000 m.[4][6][8]
It is very tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, including thin acid soils and cracks in cliffs. It also fairly frequently grows as an epiphyte in clefts or cavities of larger trees such as Scots Pines, though epiphytic specimens rarely have growing conditions adequate for them to reach maturity.[6]
Propagation
- Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!
Pests and diseases
- Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!
Subspecies
- Sorbus aucuparia subsp. aucuparia. Temperate Europe and northwest Asia, south to central Spain, central Italy, and northernmost Greece, and east to the Ob and Irtysh rivers. Tree form; leaves and shoots hairy.
- Sorbus aucuparia subsp. fenenkiana. Bulgaria (endemic).
- Sorbus aucuparia subsp. glabrata (syn. S. glabrata). Subarctic regions, from Iceland, northernmost Scotland (Orkney, Shetland), northern Scandinavia, northwest Russia, and also locally at tree line in central Europe in the Alps and Carpathians. Shrubby; leaves and shoots less hairy.
- Sorbus aucuparia subsp. praemorsa. High altitudes in the Mediterranean region in France (Corsica) and Italy (Sicily and Calabria).
- Sorbus aucuparia subsp. sibirica (syn. S. sibirica). Temperate northern Asia, east of the Ob and Irtysh rivers. Tree form; leaves and shoots hairless.
Gallery
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photo 1 -
photo 2 -
photo 3
References
- Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- Trees for Life Species Profile: Rowan
- Flora of NW Europe: Sorbus aucuparia
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- ↑ Den Virtuella Floran: Sorbus aucuparia map
- ↑ Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960). Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow. Methuen & Co Ltd.
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Arkive: Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)
- ↑ Tree Register of the British Isles
- ↑ Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 6.2 Trees for Life Species Profile: Rowan
- ↑ Flora of NW Europe: Sorbus aucuparia
- ↑ Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0
External links
- w:Sorbus aucuparia. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Sorbus aucuparia QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)