Rubus spectabilis: Difference between revisions
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|familia=Rosaceae | |||
|genus=Rubus | |||
|species=spectabilis | |||
|common_name=Salmonberry | |||
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|lifespan=perennial | |||
|Temp Metric=°F | |Temp Metric=°F | ||
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks! | |jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks! | ||
|image= | |image=Salmonberry_Blossom.jpg | ||
|image_width=240 | |image_width=240 | ||
|image_caption=Salmonberry flower | |||
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'''''Rubus spectabilis''''' ('''Salmonberry''') is a species of ''[[Rubus]]'' native to the west coast of North America from northwestern Alaska (e.g. Unalakleet, AK) to California. | |||
It is a shrub growing to 1–4 m tall, with [[perennial plant|perennial]], not [[biennial plant|biennial]] woody stems (unlike other species). The leaves are trifoliate, 7–22 cm long, the terminal leaflet larger than the two side leaflets. The leaf margins are toothed. The flowers are 2–3 cm diameter, with five purple petals; they are produced from early spring to early summer. The fruit matures in late summer to early autumn, and resembles a large yellow to orange-red raspberry 1.5-2 cm long with many [[drupe]]lets.<ref name=pbc>Plants of British Columbia: [http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Rubus+spectabilis ''Rubus spectabilis'']</ref><ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Rubus+spectabilis ''Rubus spectabilis'']</ref> | |||
In the Pacific Northwest of North America the berries can ripen from mid-June to late-July. | |||
Salmonberries are found in moist forests and stream margins, especially in the coastal forests. They often form large thickets, and thrive in the open spaces under stands of [[Red Alder]] (''Alnus rubra''). | |||
Salmonberries are edible and share the fruit structure of the [[raspberry]], with the fruit pulling away from its receptacle. Books often call the fruit "[[insipid]]"<ref name=Pojar>Pojar, J., & MacKinnon, A., eds. (1994). ''Plants of the Pacific Northwest coast''. Vancouver, BC: Lone Pine.</ref> but depending on ripeness and site, they are good eaten raw and when processed into [[jam]], [[candy]], [[jelly]] and [[wine]]. | |||
It is widely grown as an [[ornamental plant]] for its flowers. A double-flowered form was discovered in at the mouth of the [[Duckabush_River]], [[Jefferson_County,_Washington|Jefferson County]], [[Washington]] around May 1, 1961, by Dr. R. C. Creelman of [[Bremerton]], [[Washington]]. This has been given the cultivar name 'Olympic Double' or 'Olympic'. | |||
<ref>http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/2007/04/rubus_spectabilis_olympic_double_1.php#c217006</ref> <ref>Mulligan, Brian O. (1977). ''Woody Plants in the University of Washington Arboretum, Washington Park''. University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, Seattle.</ref> <ref>Mulligan, Brian O. (1963). Accession records of the University of Washington Arboretum</ref> | |||
Another double salmonberry was found by [[Phyllis Munday]] of Vancouver BC, but neither the date nor the site has been determined. This double may be confused in gardens with 'Olympic Double'. | |||
It has escaped cultivation and become [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] in parts of northwestern Europe, including Great Britain, Ireland and the [[Faroe Islands]].<ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2611 ''Rubus spectabilis'']</ref><ref>Højgaard, A. et al., eds. (1989). ''A century of tree-planting in the Faroe Islands''. Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, Tórshavn.</ref> | |||
{{Inc| | {{Inc| | ||
Rubus spectabilis, Pursh (Parmena spectabilis, Greene). Salmonberry. Strong-growing, reaching 5-15 ft., glabrous: spines few or often none, weak: lvs. of 3 ovate-acuminate lfts., which are doubly serrate-toothed and sometimes indistinctly lobed, long-stalked, thin, glabrous or becoming so beneath: fls. solitary or in 2's, large, red or purple: fr. large, somewhat conical, salmon-color or wine-red, edible, the drupelets bearing the persistent styles. Calif, and Idaho to Alaska. —Sometimes cult. for its showy fls. and frs. Canes perennial. Var. Menziesii, Wats. (R. franciscanus, Rydb.), has lvs. densely pubescent or silky underneath. | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
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<gallery perrow=5> | <gallery perrow=5> | ||
Image: | File:Rubus_spectabilis_1565.JPG|Mature fruit in [[Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest]] | ||
Image: | Image:Salmonberry.jpg|Salmonberry in hand | ||
Image: | Image:Berries.jpg|Colander of Salmonberries | ||
Image:Salmon Berry.JPG|Salmonberry about to be eaten | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:58, 1 January 2010
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Rubus spectabilis (Salmonberry) is a species of Rubus native to the west coast of North America from northwestern Alaska (e.g. Unalakleet, AK) to California.
It is a shrub growing to 1–4 m tall, with perennial, not biennial woody stems (unlike other species). The leaves are trifoliate, 7–22 cm long, the terminal leaflet larger than the two side leaflets. The leaf margins are toothed. The flowers are 2–3 cm diameter, with five purple petals; they are produced from early spring to early summer. The fruit matures in late summer to early autumn, and resembles a large yellow to orange-red raspberry 1.5-2 cm long with many drupelets.[1][2]
In the Pacific Northwest of North America the berries can ripen from mid-June to late-July.
Salmonberries are found in moist forests and stream margins, especially in the coastal forests. They often form large thickets, and thrive in the open spaces under stands of Red Alder (Alnus rubra).
Salmonberries are edible and share the fruit structure of the raspberry, with the fruit pulling away from its receptacle. Books often call the fruit "insipid"[3] but depending on ripeness and site, they are good eaten raw and when processed into jam, candy, jelly and wine.
It is widely grown as an ornamental plant for its flowers. A double-flowered form was discovered in at the mouth of the Duckabush_River, Jefferson County, Washington around May 1, 1961, by Dr. R. C. Creelman of Bremerton, Washington. This has been given the cultivar name 'Olympic Double' or 'Olympic'. [4] [5] [6] Another double salmonberry was found by Phyllis Munday of Vancouver BC, but neither the date nor the site has been determined. This double may be confused in gardens with 'Olympic Double'.
It has escaped cultivation and become naturalized in parts of northwestern Europe, including Great Britain, Ireland and the Faroe Islands.[7][8]
| [hide]Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture |
|---|
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Rubus spectabilis, Pursh (Parmena spectabilis, Greene). Salmonberry. Strong-growing, reaching 5-15 ft., glabrous: spines few or often none, weak: lvs. of 3 ovate-acuminate lfts., which are doubly serrate-toothed and sometimes indistinctly lobed, long-stalked, thin, glabrous or becoming so beneath: fls. solitary or in 2's, large, red or purple: fr. large, somewhat conical, salmon-color or wine-red, edible, the drupelets bearing the persistent styles. Calif, and Idaho to Alaska. —Sometimes cult. for its showy fls. and frs. Canes perennial. Var. Menziesii, Wats. (R. franciscanus, Rydb.), has lvs. densely pubescent or silky underneath.
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Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
Gallery
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Mature fruit in Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest -
Salmonberry in hand -
Colander of Salmonberries -
Salmonberry about to be eaten
References
- ↑ Plants of British Columbia: Rubus spectabilis
- ↑ Jepson Flora: Rubus spectabilis
- ↑ Pojar, J., & MacKinnon, A., eds. (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest coast. Vancouver, BC: Lone Pine.
- ↑ http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/2007/04/rubus_spectabilis_olympic_double_1.php#c217006
- ↑ Mulligan, Brian O. (1977). Woody Plants in the University of Washington Arboretum, Washington Park. University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, Seattle.
- ↑ Mulligan, Brian O. (1963). Accession records of the University of Washington Arboretum
- ↑ Flora of NW Europe: Rubus spectabilis
- ↑ Højgaard, A. et al., eds. (1989). A century of tree-planting in the Faroe Islands. Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, Tórshavn.
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Rubus spectabilis. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Rubus spectabilis QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)