Ilex aquifolium: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:13, 15 March 2010

Ilex aquifolium subsp. var.

Holly, European Holly, Christmas Holly

The query description has an empty condition.:		tree
Height:	⇕	to
Width:	⇔	to
	10 m 25 m
Height:	⇕	10 m to 25 m
Width:	⇔	The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition. to The wikipage input value is empty (e.g. <code>SomeProperty::, [[]]</code>) and therefore it cannot be used as a name or as part of a query condition.
The query description has an empty condition.:	⌛	perennial
Origin:	✈
Poisonous:	☠	yes
Bloom:	❀

The query description has an empty condition.:	☼
The query description has an empty condition.:	◍
Features:	✓
Hidden fields, interally pass variables to right place
Minimum Temp:	☃	°F
USDA Zones:		3 to 9.5
Sunset Zones:
Flower features:	❀

Aquifoliaceae >

Ilex

aquifolium

var.

, L.

Ilex aquifolium (Holly, or European Holly to distinguish it from related species, may also be called Christmass Holly or Mexican Holly) is a species of holly native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

It is an evergreen tree growing to 10-25 m tall and 40-80 cm (rarely 1 m or more) trunk diameter, with smooth grey bark. The leaves are 5-12 cm long and 2-6 cm broad, variable in shape; on young plants and low branches, with three to five sharp spines on each side, pointing alternately upward and downward; on higher branches of older trees with few or no spines except for the leaf tip, often entire.^[3]^[4]

The flowers are dioecious, white, four-lobed, and pollinated by bees. The fruit is a red drupe 6-10 mm diameter, containing four pits; although mature in late autumn, they are very bitter due to the ilicin content^[5], and so are rarely touched by birds until late winter after frost has made them softer and more palatable.

Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
Ilex aquifolium, Linn. English Holly. Tree, to 40 ft., with short, spreading branches, forming an oblong or pyramidal head, in cult, often shrubby, glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, usually ovate or oblong- ovate, waved and with strong, spiny teeth,- shining, in. long: fr. scarlet, globular, shining. May, June. a. and Cent. Eu., W. Asia, China.—A very variable species. Osmanthus aquifolium, Sieb. & Zucc., an oleaceous shrub, which may readily be known by its opposite Ivs., is occasionally supplied by dealers as a variety of Ilex Aquifolium. The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Gallery

European Holly flowers; male above, female below (leaves cut to show flowers more clearly)
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3

References

↑ Flora Europaea: Ilex aquifolium
↑ Med-Checklist: Ilex aquifolium
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Flora of NW Europe: Ilex aquifolium
↑ Heinz, A. (1975). Drogenkunde. W. de Gruyter ISBN 313566001X

Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

External links

w:Ilex aquifolium. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
Ilex aquifolium QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)

This article is a stub. You can help Gardenology.org by expanding it.

[fe-1] Flora Europaea: Ilex aquifolium

[mc-2] Med-Checklist: Ilex aquifolium

[rushforth-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.

[fnwe-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Flora of NW Europe: Ilex aquifolium

[5] Heinz, A. (1975). Drogenkunde. W. de Gruyter ISBN 313566001X

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
+|familia=Aquifoliaceae
+|genus=Ilex
+|species=aquifolium
+|taxo_author=L.
+|common_name=Holly, European Holly, Christmas Holly
+|habit=tree
+|Min ht box=10
+|Min ht metric=m
+|Max ht box=25
+|Max ht metric=m
+|height_ref=Wikipedia
+|poisonous=yes
+|lifespan=perennial
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
+|min_zone=3
-|image=Upload.png
+|max_zone=9.5
+|image=Acebo.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
-Describe the plant here...
+'''''Ilex aquifolium''''' ('''Holly''', or '''European Holly''' to distinguish it from related species, may also be called Christmass Holly or Mexican Holly) is a species of [[holly]] native to western and southern [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]] and southwest [[Asia]].<ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Ilex&SPECIES_XREF=aquifolium&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref><ref name=mc>Med-Checklist: [http://ww2.bgbm.org/mcl/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=1263&PTRefFK=1273 ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref><ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=3088 ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref>
+It is an [[evergreen]] [[tree]] growing to 10-25 m tall and 40-80&nbsp;cm (rarely 1 m or more) trunk diameter, with smooth grey bark. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 5-12&nbsp;cm long and 2-6&nbsp;cm broad, variable in shape; on young plants and low branches, with three to five sharp spines on each side, pointing alternately upward and downward; on higher branches of older trees with few or no spines except for the leaf tip, often entire.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=fnwe/>
+The [[flower]]s are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], white, four-lobed, and pollinated by bees. The [[fruit]] is a red [[drupe]] 6-10&nbsp;mm diameter, containing four pits; although mature in late autumn, they are very bitter due to the ilicin content<ref>Heinz, A. (1975).  ''Drogenkunde''. W. de Gruyter ISBN 313566001X</ref>, and so are rarely touched by [[bird]]s until late winter after [[frost]] has made them softer and more palatable.
 {{Inc|
-Ilex aquifolium, Linn. English Holly. Fig. 1946. Tree, to 40 ft., with short, spreading branches, forming an oblong or pyramidal head, in cult, often shrubby, glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, usually ovate or oblong- ovate, waved and with strong, spiny teeth,- shining, in. long: fr. scarlet, globular, shining. May, June. a. and Cent. Eu., W. Asia, China. Gng. 4:83. H.W. 3, p. 51.—A very variable species. A full account of the numerous varieties cult, in England is given by T. Moore in G.C. II. 2, pp. 432, 519, 687, 750, 812; 4, pp. 687, 741; 5, pp. 43,365, 437, 624; 6, pp. 232, 389, 616, where 153 varieties are described and many of them figured. Some of the most important and most distinct are described below. Osmanthus aquifolium, Sieb. & Zucc., an oleaceous shrub, which may readily be known by its opposite Ivs., is occasionally supplied by dealers as a variety of Ilex Aquifolium.
+Ilex aquifolium, Linn. English Holly. Tree, to 40 ft., with short, spreading branches, forming an oblong or pyramidal head, in cult, often shrubby, glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, usually ovate or oblong- ovate, waved and with strong, spiny teeth,- shining, in. long: fr. scarlet, globular, shining. May, June. a. and Cent. Eu., W. Asia, China.—A very variable species. Osmanthus aquifolium, Sieb. & Zucc., an oleaceous shrub, which may readily be known by its opposite Ivs., is occasionally supplied by dealers as a variety of Ilex Aquifolium.
 }}
@@ Line 25: / Line 44: @@
 <gallery perrow=5>
+Image:Hollyflowers.jpg|European Holly flowers; male above, female below (leaves cut to show flowers more clearly)
 Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 Image:Upload.png| photo 2