Salix nigra: Difference between revisions
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{{SPlantbox | {{SPlantbox | ||
|familia=Salicaceae | |familia=Salicaceae | ||
|genus=Salix | |genus=Salix | ||
|species=nigra | |species=nigra | ||
|taxo_author=Marshall | |||
|common_name=Black willow | |common_name=Black willow | ||
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
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|Max wd metric=ft | |Max wd metric=ft | ||
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | |width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
|origin=E United States | |||
|lifespan=perennial | |lifespan=perennial | ||
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | |life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
|exposure=sun | |exposure=sun | ||
|water=wet, moist | |||
|water_ref=Sunset National Garden Book | |||
|features=flowers | |features=flowers | ||
|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring | |flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring | ||
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
|max_zone=10 | |max_zone=10 | ||
|image= | |image=Salix nigra Morton 180-88-3.jpg | ||
|image_width=180 | |||
|image_caption=Cultivated Specimen | |||
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'''''Salix nigra''''' ('''Black Willow''') is a species of [[willow]] native to eastern [[North America]], from [[New Brunswick]] and southern [[Ontario]] west to [[Minnesota]], and south to northern [[Florida]] and [[Texas]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?102718 ''Salix nigra'']</ref> | |||
[[File:Salix nigra catkins 8001.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Flowers]]It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]], the largest North American species of willow, growing to 10-30 m tall, exceptionally up to 45 m, with a trunk 50–80 cm diameter. The [[bark]] is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees. The shoots are slender, variable in color from green to brown, yellow or purplish; they are (like the related European ''[[Salix fragilis]]'') brittle at the base, snapping evenly at the branch junction if bent sharply. The foliage buds are small, 2–4 mm long, with a single pointed reddish-brown bud scale. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, long, thin, 5-15 cm long and 0.5-2 cm broad, usually somewhat [[leaf shape|falcate]], dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin, a short [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] and a pair of small [[stipule]]s. It is [[Plant sexuality|dioecious]], with small, greenish yellow to yellow [[flower]]s borne on [[catkin]]s 2.5-7.5 cm long in early spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The [[fruit]] is a 5 mm [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered [[seed]]s. It is typically found along streams and in swamps.<ref name=borealforest>Tree Species of the World's Boreal Forests: [http://www.borealforest.org/world/trees/black_willow.htm ''Salix nigra'']</ref><ref name=ncp>Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: [http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/SANI.htm ''Salix nigra'']</ref><ref name=nb>New Brunswick tree and shrub species of concern: [http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/subsite/mx-212/blackwillow ''Salix nigra'']</ref> | |||
''[[Salix gooddingii]]'' (Goodding's Willow) is sometimes included in ''S. nigra'' as a [[variety (botany)|variety]], as ''S. nigra'' var. ''vallicola'' Dudley; when included, this extends the species' range to western North America. However, the two are usually treated as distinct species.<ref name=usda>USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAGO ''Salix gooddingii'']</ref> | |||
{{Inc| | {{Inc| | ||
[[Salix]] nigra. Black Willow | [[Salix]] nigra. Black Willow. Tree, 30-40 ft. high: bark flaky, often becoming shaggy: twigs brittle at base: buds small: lvs. lanceolate, green both sides, finely and evenly serrate: aments 1-2 in. long; scales oblong, deciduous; stamens 3-6; ovary ovate-conical, glabrous; style short but distinct. E. N. Amer. Var. falcata, Pursh. Lvs. elongated, narrow and falcate. | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
===Propagation=== | ===Propagation=== | ||
===Pests and diseases=== | ===Pests and diseases=== | ||
== | |||
==Varieties== | |||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery perrow=5> | ||
Image:Upload.png| photo 1 | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 | ||
Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 | ||
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> | ||
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Latest revision as of 18:17, 7 May 2010
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Salix nigra (Black Willow) is a species of willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.[1]
It is a medium-sized deciduous tree, the largest North American species of willow, growing to 10-30 m tall, exceptionally up to 45 m, with a trunk 50–80 cm diameter. The bark is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees. The shoots are slender, variable in color from green to brown, yellow or purplish; they are (like the related European Salix fragilis) brittle at the base, snapping evenly at the branch junction if bent sharply. The foliage buds are small, 2–4 mm long, with a single pointed reddish-brown bud scale. The leaves are alternate, long, thin, 5-15 cm long and 0.5-2 cm broad, usually somewhat falcate, dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin, a short petiole and a pair of small stipules. It is dioecious, with small, greenish yellow to yellow flowers borne on catkins 2.5-7.5 cm long in early spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The fruit is a 5 mm capsule which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered seeds. It is typically found along streams and in swamps.[2][3][4]
Salix gooddingii (Goodding's Willow) is sometimes included in S. nigra as a variety, as S. nigra var. vallicola Dudley; when included, this extends the species' range to western North America. However, the two are usually treated as distinct species.[5]
| [hide]Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture |
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Salix nigra. Black Willow. Tree, 30-40 ft. high: bark flaky, often becoming shaggy: twigs brittle at base: buds small: lvs. lanceolate, green both sides, finely and evenly serrate: aments 1-2 in. long; scales oblong, deciduous; stamens 3-6; ovary ovate-conical, glabrous; style short but distinct. E. N. Amer. Var. falcata, Pursh. Lvs. elongated, narrow and falcate.
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Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
Gallery
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photo 1 -
photo 2
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photo 3
References
- ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Salix nigra
- ↑ Tree Species of the World's Boreal Forests: Salix nigra
- ↑ Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: Salix nigra
- ↑ New Brunswick tree and shrub species of concern: Salix nigra
- ↑ USDA Plants Profile: Salix gooddingii
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Salix nigra. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Salix nigra QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)