Monarda didyma: Difference between revisions

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{{Taxobox
__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Monarda didyma''
| name = ''Monarda didyma''
| image = Bee_balm.jpg
| common_names = bee balm, oswego tea, horsemint
| image_width = 240px
| growth_habit = herbaceous
| image_caption = ''Monarda didyma''
| high = 1m    <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| wide = 20cm    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| origin =     <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| lifespan = perennial{{SSN}}
| familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
| exposure = sun (light afternoon shade where hot)
| genus = ''[[Monarda]]''
| water = moderate, does not like to stand in water    <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
| species = '''''M. didyma'''''
| features = fragrant    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
| binomial = ''Monarda didyma''
| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
| range_map = Monarda didyma in the USA.svg
| usda_zones =     <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
| range_map_width = 240px
| sunset_zones = 2-11, 14-17, 30-41
| range_map_caption = U.S. distribution of ''Monarda didyma''
| color = IndianRed
| image = Monarda-didyma.JPG  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
| image_caption = Monarda didyma   <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
| regnum = Plantae
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
| classis = Magnoliopsida
| ordo = Lamiales
| familia = Lamiaceae
| genus = Monarda
| species = didyma
}}
}}
This plant provides flavor and scent with its leaves and flowers. The Earl Grey tea is scented with this plant.


''Monarda didyma'' ('''Bergamot''', '''Scarlet Beebalm''', '''Scarlet Monarda''', '''Oswego Tea''', or '''Crimson Beebalm''') is an aromatic [[herb]] in the family [[Lamiaceae]], native to eastern [[North America]] from [[Maine]] west to [[Ohio]] and south to northern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. Its name is derived from its odor which is considered similar to that of the [[bergamot orange]]. The [[binomial nomenclature|scientific name]] comes from [[Nicolas Monardes]], who described the first American flora in [[1569]].
==Cultivation==
{{monthbox
| color = IndianRed
| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left -->
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->


===Description===
===Propagation===
This hardy [[perennial plant]] grows to 0.7-1.5 m in height, with the stems square in cross-section. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are opposite on the square stems, 6-15 cm long and 3-8 cm broad, and dark green with reddish leaf veins and a coarsely-toothed margin; they are glaborous or sparsely pubescent above with spreading hairs below. It has ragged, bright red tubular [[flower]]s 3-4 cm long, borne on showy heads of about 30 together, with reddish bracts. It grows in dense clusters along stream banks, thickets and ditches, flowering from July to late August.
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->


===Pests and diseases===
Very sensitive to mold. Do not overwater.


===Cultivation and uses===
==Cultivars==
Bergamot is extensively grown as an [[ornamental plant]] both within and outside its native range; it is [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] further west in the [[United States]] and also in parts of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. It grows best in full sun, but tolerates light shade and will thrive in any moist soil that is well-drained. Several [[cultivar]]s have been selected for different flower color, ranging from white through pink to dark red and purple.
Scarlet colored: 'Adam'
Pink colored: 'Croftway Pink', 'Granite Pink', 'Marshall's Delight', 'Snow White'
Dark red colored: 'Mahogany', 'Cambridge Scarlet'
'Violet Queen'


The name ''Oswego Tea'' comes from the [[Iroquois|Oswego]] Indians who taught the immigrants how to use it for [[tea]] after the [[Boston tea party]] in [[1773]]. The flowers and leaves are good ingredients for [[potpourri]] making.
==Gallery==
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->


Note that the bergamot herb is ''not'' the source of bergamot oil, used to flavor [[Earl Grey tea]]; that comes from the [[bergamot orange]], a [[Mediterranean]] [[citrus]] [[fruit]].
<gallery>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
Image:Bee_balm.jpg|Monarda didyma
</gallery>


==References==  
==References==
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24535 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Monarda didyma'']
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
*[http://www.missouriplants.com/Redopp/Monarda_didyma_page.html Missouri Plants: ''Monarda didyma'']
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
*[http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_oswego_tea.htm Oswego tea]
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
* {{cite book | author=[[Neltje Blanchan|Blanchan, Neltje]] | title=[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]] | year=[[2005]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
* {{cite book | author=[[Alfred Pink|Pink, A.]] | title=[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11892 Gardening for the Million.] | year=[[2004]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MODI USDA Plants Profile: ''Monarda didyma'']


{{wikiversity-bc|Monarda didyma}}
==External links==
[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
*{{wplink}}
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
 
[[Category:Wildflowers of the Great Smoky Mountains]]
{{stub}}
[[Category:Categorize]]
 
<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

Revision as of 04:53, 26 June 2009

Monarda didyma
{{{latin_name}}}
 bee balm, oswego tea, horsemint
Monarda didyma
Habit: herbaceous
Height: ⇕ 1m
Width: ⇔ 20cm
Lifespan: ⌛ perennialsn
Origin: ✈
Poisonous: ☠
Exposure: ☼ sun (light afternoon shade where hot)
Features: ✓ fragrant
Hardiness: ☃
Bloom: ❀
USDA Zones:
Sunset Zones: 2-11, 14-17, 30-41
[[{{{domain}}}]] > [[{{{superregnum}}}]] > Plantae > [[{{{subregnum}}}]] > [[{{{superdivisio}}}]] > [[{{{superphylum}}}]] > Magnoliophyta > [[{{{phylum}}}]] > [[{{{subdivisio}}}]] > [[{{{subphylum}}}]] > [[{{{infraphylum}}}]] > [[{{{microphylum}}}]] > [[{{{nanophylum}}}]] > [[{{{superclassis}}}]] > Magnoliopsida > [[{{{subclassis}}}]] > [[{{{infraclassis}}}]] > [[{{{superordo}}}]] > Lamiales > [[{{{subordo}}}]] > [[{{{infraordo}}}]] > [[{{{superfamilia}}}]] > Lamiaceae > [[{{{subfamilia}}}]] > [[{{{supertribus}}}]] > [[{{{tribus}}}]] > [[{{{subtribus}}}]] > Monarda {{{subgenus}}} {{{sectio}}} {{{series}}} didyma {{{subspecies}}} var. {{{cultivar}}}



This plant provides flavor and scent with its leaves and flowers. The Earl Grey tea is scented with this plant.

Cultivation

calendar?
January:
February:
March:
April:
May:
June:
July:
August:
September:
October:
November:
December:
Notes:
Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Pests and diseases

Very sensitive to mold. Do not overwater.

Cultivars

Scarlet colored: 'Adam' Pink colored: 'Croftway Pink', 'Granite Pink', 'Marshall's Delight', 'Snow White' Dark red colored: 'Mahogany', 'Cambridge Scarlet' 'Violet Queen'

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1
    photo 1
  • photo 2
    photo 2
  • photo 3
    photo 3
  • Monarda didyma
    Monarda didyma

References

External links


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