|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| A '''list of edible seeds''' here includes seeds that are directly foodstuffs, rather than yielding derived products.
| |
|
| |
|
| A variety of species can provide '''edible seeds'''. Of the six major plant parts, seeds are the most important source of human food. The other five major plant parts are [[root]]s, [[stem]]s, [[leave]]s, [[flower]]s, and [[fruit]]s. Most edible seeds are [[angiosperm]]s, but a few are [[gymnosperm]]s. The most important seed food source is cereals, followed by legumes, and nuts.
| |
|
| |
| The list is divided into the following categories:
| |
| * '''[[Bean]]s''' (or '''[[Legume]]s''') are protein-rich soft seeds.
| |
| * '''[[Cereals]]''' (or '''grains''') are grass-like crops that are harvested for their dry seeds. These seeds are often ground to make [[flour]]. Cereals provide almost half of all calories consumed in the world.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web
| |
| | url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx
| |
| | title=ProdSTAT
| |
| | author=FAO
| |
| | work=FAOSTAT
| |
| | accessdate=2006-12-26
| |
| }}</ref> Botanically, true cereals are members of the [[Poaceae]] or Grass family.
| |
| ** '''[[Pseudocereal]]s''' are cereal crops that are not members of the Poaceae or Grass Family.
| |
| * '''[[Nut (fruit)|Nuts]]''' are botanically a specific type of fruit but the term is also applied to many edible seeds that are not botanically nuts.
| |
| ** '''[[Gymnosperm]]s''' produce nut-like seeds but not flowers or fruits.
| |
| * '''[[Spices]]''' are used to flavor food rather than provide nutrients.
| |
|
| |
| == Beans ==
| |
| See also: [[:Category:Beans]]
| |
|
| |
| Beans, also known as [[legume]]s or [[pulse (legume)|pulses]] include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm |title=Definition and Classification of Commodities|work=Definition and Classification of Commodities|title=Pulses and derived products|date=1994|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=2006-12-26}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Image:3 types of lentil.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lentils have been part of the human diet since the Neolithic]]
| |
| * [[Bambara groundnut]]
| |
| * [[Vicia faba|Broad bean]]s
| |
| * [[Chickpea]]s
| |
| * [[Cowpea]]s
| |
| * [[Pulse (legume)#Classification of pulses|Dry beans]], including
| |
| ** [[Common bean]]
| |
| ** several species of ''[[Vigna]]''
| |
| * [[Hyacinth bean]]
| |
| * [[Lablab]]
| |
| * [[Lentil]]s
| |
| * [[Lupin]]s
| |
| * [[Pea]]s
| |
| * [[Peanut]]s
| |
| * [[Pigeon pea]]s
| |
| * [[Soybean]]s
| |
| * [[Tonka bean]]s
| |
| * [[Velvet bean]]s
| |
| * [[Vetch]]
| |
| * [[Winged bean]]s
| |
| * [[Yam bean]]s
| |
|
| |
| == Cereals ==
| |
| {{See also|Category:Cereals}}
| |
| [[Image:GEM corn.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Maize (sometimes called "corn") is the single biggest source of food calories in the world.]]
| |
|
| |
| True [[cereal]]s are the seeds of certain species of [[grass]]. Three — maize, wheat and rice — account for about half of the calories consumed by people every year.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web
| |
| | url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx
| |
| | title=ProdSTAT
| |
| | author=FAO
| |
| | work=FAOSTAT
| |
| | accessdate=2006-12-26
| |
| }}</ref> Grains can be ground to make [[flour]], used as the basis of [[bread]], [[cake]], [[noodles]] or other food products. They can also be boiled or steamed, either whole or ground, and eaten as is. Many cereals are present or past [[staple food]]s, provided a large fraction of the calories in the places that they are eaten. [[Cereal]]s include:
| |
|
| |
| * [[Barley]]
| |
| * [[Fonio]]
| |
| * [[Kamut]]
| |
| * [[Maize]]
| |
| * [[Millet]]
| |
| * [[Oat]]s
| |
| * [[Distichlis palmeri|Palmer's grass]]
| |
| * [[Rice]]
| |
| * [[Rye]]
| |
| * [[Sorghum]]
| |
| * [[Spelt]]
| |
| * [[Teff]]
| |
| * [[Triticale]]
| |
| * [[Wheat]]
| |
| * [[Wild rice]]
| |
|
| |
| === Pseudocereals ===
| |
| [[Image:Quinoa.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Quinoa is not a grass, but its seeds have been eaten for 6000 years.]]
| |
| * [[Breadnut]]
| |
| * [[Buckwheat]]
| |
| * [[Cattail]]
| |
| * [[Chia]]
| |
| * [[Celosia|Cockscomb]]
| |
| * [[Grain amaranth]]
| |
| * [[Kañiwa]]
| |
| * [[Quinoa]]
| |
| * [[Wattleseed]] (also called ''acacia seed'')
| |
|
| |
| == Nuts ==
| |
| ''See also'': [[List of edible nuts]]
| |
|
| |
| [[Image:Brazil nuts.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Brazil nuts come from a South American tree]]
| |
|
| |
| According to the botanical definition, [[nut (fruit)|nuts]] are a particular kind of seed.<ref>{{cite web
| |
| | url=http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nut
| |
| | title=Nut
| |
| | work=Biology Online Dictionary
| |
| | date=[[October 3]] [[2005]]
| |
| | accessdate=2006-12-26
| |
| }}</ref> [[Walnut]]s and [[acorn]]s are example of nuts, under this definition. In [[nut (fruit)|culinary terms]], however, the term is used more broadly to include fruits that are not botanically qualified as nuts, but that have a similar appearance and culinary role. Examples of culinary nuts include [[almond]]s, [[peanut]]s and [[cashew]]s.<ref>{{cite web
| |
| | url=http://www.answers.com/topic/nut
| |
| | title=Nut
| |
| | work=The Columbia Online Encyclopedia
| |
| | date=2003
| |
| | accessdate=2006-12-26
| |
| }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef05e.htm|title=Nuts and derived products|work=Definition and Classification of Commodities|date=1996|accessdate=2006-12-26|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| * [[Almond#Culinary uses|Almond]]
| |
| * [[Beech]]
| |
| * [[Butternut (tree)|Butternut]]
| |
| * [[Brazilnut]]
| |
| * [[Candlenut]]
| |
| * [[Cashew#Uses|Cashew]]
| |
| * [[Chestnut#Nuts|Chestnuts]], including:
| |
| ** [[Chinese Chestnut]]
| |
| ** [[Pachira aquatica|Malabar chestnut]]
| |
| ** [[Sweet Chestnut]]
| |
| * [[Colocynth]]
| |
| * ''[[Cucurbita ficifolia]]''
| |
| * [[Filbert]]
| |
| * [[Hickory#Uses|Hickory]], including
| |
| ** [[Pecan]]
| |
| ** [[Shagbark Hickory]]
| |
| * [[Kola nut]]
| |
| * [[Macadamia]]
| |
| * [[Mamoncillo]]
| |
| * [[Brosimum alicastrum|Maya nut]]
| |
| * [[acorn|Oak acorns]]
| |
| * [[Irvingia|Ogbono nut]]
| |
| * [[Lecythidaceae|Paradise nut]]
| |
| * [[Pili nut]]
| |
| * [[Walnut#Nuts|Walnut]]
| |
|
| |
| === Nut-like gymnosperm seeds ===
| |
| [[Image:KoreanPineSeeds.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pine nuts are a Gymnosperm seed that is edible]]
| |
| * [[Cycad]]s
| |
| * [[Ginkgo]]
| |
| * ''[[Gnetum gnemon]]''
| |
| * [[Juniper]]
| |
| * [[Araucaria araucana|Monkey-puzzle]]
| |
| * [[Pine nut]]s, including
| |
| ** [[Chilgoza Pine]]
| |
| ** [[Korean Pine]]
| |
| ** [[Stone Pine]]
| |
| ** [[Colorado Pinyon]]
| |
| ** [[Mexican Pinyon]]
| |
| ** [[Single-leaf Pinyon]]
| |
| * [[Podocarps]]
| |
|
| |
| == Spices ==
| |
| ''See also:'' [[List of herbs and spices]]
| |
| [[Image:Coriander.png|thumb|right|200px|Coriander fruit (including its seeds) is a well-known spice.]]
| |
| Seeds that are used to flavor other foods include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/index.html|title=Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages|accessdate=2006-12-26}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Ajowan]] seed
| |
| * [[Anise]] seed
| |
| * [[Black pepper]] seed
| |
| * [[Cardamom]] seed
| |
| * [[Caraway]] seed
| |
| * [[Celery]] seed
| |
| * [[Chile pepper]] seed
| |
| * [[Cubeb]] seed
| |
| * [[Cumin]] seed
| |
| * [[Coriander]] seed
| |
| * [[Dill]] seed
| |
| * [[Fennel]] seed
| |
| * [[Fenugreek]] seed
| |
| * [[Juniper]] seed
| |
| * [[Nutmeg|Mace]]
| |
| * [[Mustard seed]]
| |
| * [[Nigella]] seed
| |
| * [[Nutmeg]]
| |
| * [[Pomegranate]] seed
| |
| * [[Opium poppy#Use as food|Poppy seed]]
| |
| * [[Sesame]] seed
| |
| * [[Vanilla]]
| |
|
| |
| == Miscellaneous ==
| |
| * [[Cempedak]]
| |
| * [[Durian]]
| |
| * [[Fluted pumpkin]]
| |
| * [[Jackfruit]]
| |
| * [[Lotus seed]]
| |
| * [[Malabar gourd]]
| |
| * [[Pistachio#Cultivation and uses|Pistachio]]
| |
| * [[Pumpkin seed]]
| |
| * [[Sunflower seed]]
| |
|
| |
| == Edible fruits of which seeds are eaten incidentally ==
| |
| * [[Blackberry]]
| |
| * [[Blueberry]]
| |
| * [[Cranberry]]
| |
| * [[Cucumber]]
| |
| * [[Eggplant]]
| |
| * [[Fig]]
| |
| * [[Huckleberry]]
| |
| * [[Kiwifruit]]
| |
| * [[Mulberry]]
| |
| * [[Okra]]
| |
| * [[Raspberry]]
| |
| * [[Strawberry]]
| |
| * [[Tomatillo]]
| |
| * [[Tomato]]
| |
| * [[Winter melon]]
| |
| * [[Zucchini]]
| |
|
| |
| == References ==
| |
|
| |
| == See also ==
| |
| * [[List of vegetable oils]]
| |
| * [[List of snack foods#seeds or nuts|List of seed-based snacks]]
| |
| * [[Eastern Agricultural Complex]]
| |
| * [[Nut (fruit)]]
| |
| * [[Pulse (legume)|Pulse]]
| |
| * [[Seed]]
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Lists of foods|Seeds, list of edible]]
| |
| [[Category:Lists of plants]]
| |
| [[Category:Edible nuts and seeds| ]]
| |