Green false hellebore

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Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Veratrum viride, Linn. American White Hellebore. Indian Poke. Fig. 3908. A hardy perennial, 2-7 ft. high: root-stock 2-3 in. long: lvs. plicate, acute, the lower oval, about 1 ft. long, the upper gradually smaller: fls. yellowish green; segms. oblong or oblanceolate, ciliate, serrulate; pedicels 1-3 lines long. July. N. Amer. B.B. 1:408. B.M. 1096 (as Helonias viride). Gn. 62, p. 283.


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Green false hellebore
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Green false hellebore in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
Green false hellebore in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
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Veratrum viride
Aiton
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Green false hellebore (American white hellebore, Bear Corn, Big Hellebore, Devil's Bite, Duck Retten, Indian Poke, Itch-weed, Itchweed, Poor Annie, and Tickleweed; Veratrum viride) is a perennial plant that grows from small leek-like shoots in the spring to a medium-sized plant with spectacular leaves. It is known for being extremely toxic, and for this reason is considered a pest plant by farmers with livestock.

Botanical properties

The adult plant can reach 3 to 5 feet, with even extra length when a floral stem is present. It has a solid white stem with large, broad alternate leaves ending in a short point, heavily ribbed and hairy on the underside. It grows numerous 2 cm lime-green to citrus-yellow flowers in a large inflorescence. Rarely goes into flowers.

Veratrum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Setaceous Hebrew Character.

Ecological

Green false hellebore is found in wet areas of forests. It prefers deciduous forest but is also found well in the north of boreal forest.

Distribution and multiplication

Green false hellebore is found from the Alaska through the Olympic, Cascade Range and Rocky Mountains south down to northern California. In the east, its distribution goes from Georgia north to Labrador.

The plant multiplies through its rhizome and seeds.

Medicine

The plant is highly toxic, causing nausaea and vomiting. If the poison is not evacuated, cold sweat and vertigo appears. Respiration slows, cardiac rhythm and blood pressure falls, eventually leading to death.

It is used externally by several Amerindian nations for external treatment. Although is rarely ever used modern herbary due to its concentration of various alkaloids, it has been used in the past against high blood pressure and rapid heartbeat. The root contains even higher concentrations than the aerial parts.

Trivia

The plant was used by some tribes to elect a new leader: all the candidates would eat the root, and the last to start vomiting would become the new leader.[1]

Notes

  1. ↑ Fleurbec, p.27

References

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